In a classic study of problem solving, Duncker (1945) asked participants to mount a candle on a wall in an upright position so that it would burn normally. One group was given a candle, a book of matches, and a box of tacks. A second group was given the same items, except that the tacks and the box were presented separately as two distinct items. The solution to this problem involves using the tacks to mount the box on the wall, creating a shelf for the candle. Duncker reasoned that the first group of participants would have trouble seeing a new function for the box (a shelf) because it was already serving a function (holding tacks). For each participant, the amount of time to solve the problem was recorded. Data similar to Duncker’s are as follows.             Time to Solve Problem (in sec.)                     Box of Tacks                       Tacks and Box Separate         128                                                42         160                                                24         113                                                68         101                                                35         94                                                  47 1) Do the data indicate a significant difference between the two conditions? Test at the .01 level of significance.  Report and interpret d.

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In a classic study of problem solving, Duncker (1945) asked participants to mount a candle on a wall in an upright position so that it would burn normally. One group was given a candle, a book of matches, and a box of tacks. A second group was given the same items, except that the tacks and the box were presented separately as two distinct items. The solution to this problem involves using the tacks to mount the box on the wall, creating a shelf for the candle. Duncker reasoned that the first group of participants would have trouble seeing a new function for the box (a shelf) because it was already serving a function (holding tacks). For each participant, the amount of time to solve the problem was recorded. Data similar to Duncker’s are as follows.

            Time to Solve Problem (in sec.)                    

Box of Tacks                       Tacks and Box Separate

        128                                                42

        160                                                24

        113                                                68

        101                                                35

        94                                                  47

1) Do the data indicate a significant difference between the two conditions? Test at the .01 level of significance.  Report and interpret d.

 

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