In the study, 32 participants putted a golf ball to a 5-centimetergolf cup. Each participant attempted 20 putts. The researchers wrote, "A downward-facing projector displayed a ring of 11 small (3.8 centimeters in diameter) or 5 large (28 centimeters) circles around each hole to create an Ebbinghaus illusion," For each illusion, participants "attempted 10 putts from a distance of 3.5 meters, and we recorded how many putts dropped into the hole." The researchers hypothesized that participants would make more putts when the hole was surrounded by smaller
In the study, 32 participants putted a golf ball to a 5-centimetergolf cup. Each participant attempted 20 putts. The researchers wrote, "A downward-facing projector displayed a ring of 11 small (3.8 centimeters in diameter) or 5 large (28 centimeters) circles around each hole to create an Ebbinghaus illusion," For each illusion, participants "attempted 10 putts from a distance of 3.5 meters, and we recorded how many putts dropped into the hole." The researchers hypothesized that participants would make more putts when the hole was surrounded by smaller circles (making the hole appear larger) than when it was surrounded by larger circles (making the hole appear smaller).
What was the independent variable in this experiment?
a. The independent variable in this experiment was 32 participants
b. The independent variable in this experiment was the number of successful putts that each participant made.
c. The independent variable in this experiment was the actual size of the golf hole, and its levels were larger or smaller.
d. The independent variable in this experiment was the apparent size of the golf hole, and its levels were larger or smaller.
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