8. Leading Digit Benford's Law Leading Digits of Inter-Arrival Traffic Times 5.1% 4.6% 5.8% 6.7% 30.1% 17.6% 12.5% 9.7% 7.9% 22 28 21 19 29 33 62 76 27 3.
Inverse Normal Distribution
The method used for finding the corresponding z-critical value in a normal distribution using the known probability is said to be an inverse normal distribution. The inverse normal distribution is a continuous probability distribution with a family of two parameters.
Mean, Median, Mode
It is a descriptive summary of a data set. It can be defined by using some of the measures. The central tendencies do not provide information regarding individual data from the dataset. However, they give a summary of the data set. The central tendency or measure of central tendency is a central or typical value for a probability distribution.
Z-Scores
A z-score is a unit of measurement used in statistics to describe the position of a raw score in terms of its distance from the mean, measured with reference to standard deviation from the mean. Z-scores are useful in statistics because they allow comparison between two scores that belong to different normal distributions.
Cybersecurity The table below lists leading digits of 317 inter-arrival Internet traffic times for a computer, along with the frequencies of leading digits expected with Benford’s law (from Table 11-1 in the Chapter Problem).
a. Identify the notation used for observed and
b. Identify the observed and expected values for the leading digit of 2.
c. Use the results from part (b) to find the contribution to the x2 test statistic from the category representing the leading digit of 2.
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