Researchers wanted to determine if having a computer computer in the bedroom is associated with obesity. The researchers administered a questionnaire to 394 394 twelve-year-old adolescents. After analyzing the results, the researchers determined that the body mass index of the adolescents who had a computer computer in their bedroom was significantly higher than that of the adolescents who did not have a computer computer in their bedroom. Complete parts (a) through (e) below. (a) Why is this an observational study? What type of observational study is this? Why is this an observational study? A. The researchers administered a questionnaire to obtain their data without trying to influence an explanatory variable of the study. B. The researchers observed the behavior of the individuals in the study without trying to influence an explanatory variable of the study. C. The researchers tried to influence the outcome of the study. D. The researchers intentionally changed an explanatory variable of the study. What type of observational study is this? Case-control study Cohort study Cross-sectional study (b) What is the response variable in the study? Is the response variable qualitative or quantitative? What is the explanatory variable? What is the response variable in the study? Is the response variable qualitative or quantitative? A. The response variable is the number of the adolescents who have a computer computer in their bedroom. The response variable is quantitative. B. The response variable is whether the adolescent has a computer computer in the bedroom or not. The response variable is qualitative. C. The response variable is the body mass index of the adolescents. The response variable is quantitative. D. The response variable is the number of the adolescents who participate in the study. The response variable is quantitative. What is the explanatory variable? A. The explanatory variable is the number of the adolescents who participate in the study. B. The explanatory variable is the body mass index of the adolescents. C. The explanatory variable is whether the adolescent has a computer computer in the bedroom or not. D. The explanatory variable is the number of the adolescents who have a computer computer in their bedroom. (c) Can you think of any lurking variables that may affect the results of the study? A. Yes. For example, possible lurking variables might be eating eating habits and the amount of exercise per week. B. Yes. For example, a possible lurking variable might be the age of the individual. C. No, there are no lurking variables in this study.
Researchers wanted to determine if having a
computer
computer in the bedroom is associated with obesity. The researchers administered a questionnaire to
394
394 twelve-year-old adolescents. After analyzing the results, the researchers determined that the body mass index of the adolescents who had a
computer
computer in their bedroom was significantly higher than that of the adolescents who did not have a
computer
computer in their bedroom. Complete parts (a) through (e) below.
(a) Why is this an observational study? What type of observational study is this?
Why is this an observational study?
A.
The researchers administered a questionnaire to obtain their data without trying to influence an explanatory variable of the study.
B.
The researchers observed the behavior of the individuals in the study without trying to influence an explanatory variable of the study.
C.
The researchers tried to influence the outcome of the study.
D.
The researchers intentionally changed an explanatory variable of the study.
What type of observational study is this?
Case-control study
Cohort study
Cross-sectional study
(b) What is the response variable in the study? Is the response variable qualitative or quantitative? What is the explanatory variable?
What is the response variable in the study? Is the response variable qualitative or quantitative?
A.
The response variable is the number of the adolescents who have a
computer
computer in their bedroom. The response variable is quantitative.
B.
The response variable is whether the adolescent has a
computer
computer in the bedroom or not. The response variable is qualitative.
C.
The response variable is the body mass index of the adolescents. The response variable is quantitative.
D.
The response variable is the number of the adolescents who participate in the study. The response variable is quantitative.
What is the explanatory variable?
A.
The explanatory variable is the number of the adolescents who participate in the study.
B.
The explanatory variable is the body mass index of the adolescents.
C.
The explanatory variable is whether the adolescent has a
computer
computer in the bedroom or not.
D.
The explanatory variable is the number of the adolescents who have a
computer
computer in their bedroom.
(c) Can you think of any lurking variables that may affect the results of the study?
A.
Yes. For example, possible lurking variables might be
eating
eating habits and the amount of exercise per week.
B.
Yes. For example, a possible lurking variable might be the age of the individual.
C.
No, there are no lurking variables in this study.
D.
There is not enough information to answer this question.
(d) In the report, the researchers stated, "These results remain significant after adjustment for socioeconomic status." What does this mean?
A.
The researchers made an effort to avoid confounding by accounting for potential lurking variables.
B.
It means that socioeconomic status is not an explanatory variable and that including this variable in the study does not change the results of the study.
C.
It means that socioeconomic status is an explanatory variable and that including this variable in the study changes the results of the study.
D.
It means that when the results are separated by socioeconomic status, there are significant differences between each socioeconomic status.
(e) Does a
computer
computer in the bedroom cause a higher body mass index? Explain.
A.
Yes. A
computer
computer in the bedroom causes obesity because the body mass index of the adolescents who had a
computer
computer in their bedroom was significantly higher than that of the adolescents who did not have a
computer
computer in their bedroom.
B.
No. The results state that a
computer
computer in the bedroom causes a higher body mass index for twelve-year-old adolescents, but the conclusion cannot be made that it causes a high body mass index for all people.
C.
No. It can only be said that a
computer
computer in the bedroom and obesity are associated because the body mass index of the adolescents who had a
computer
computer in their bedroom was significantly higher than that of the adolescents who did not have a
computer
computer in their bedroom.
D.
Yes. A
computer
computer in the bedroom is associated with obesity because the body mass index of the adolescents who had a
computer
computer in their bedroom was significantly higher than that of the adolescents who did not have a
computer
computer in their bedroom.
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