6. Describe the effect on the protein chain if base pair #8 in the parent DNA chain is mutated from T to A. A T 7. Describe the effect on the protein chain if base pair #17 in the parent DNA chain is mutated from A to T. T A

Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)
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Chapter1: The Human Body: An Orientation
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Consider the following segment of DNA:

    5' A T G T G C T G T G A T T T T C A A G C C C A C T A T T A A 3'
    3' T A C A C G A C A C T A A A A G T T C G G G T G A T A A T T 5'

Each sequence is labeled at the ends with "5'" and "3'", indicating the five-prime and three-prime ends of the DNA strands respectively. The five-prime end of each strand is marked in orange and the three-prime end is marked in green. The segment of DNA shown consists of two complementary strands running in opposite directions, typical of the double helix structure of DNA.
Transcribed Image Text:Consider the following segment of DNA: 5' A T G T G C T G T G A T T T T C A A G C C C A C T A T T A A 3' 3' T A C A C G A C A C T A A A A G T T C G G G T G A T A A T T 5' Each sequence is labeled at the ends with "5'" and "3'", indicating the five-prime and three-prime ends of the DNA strands respectively. The five-prime end of each strand is marked in orange and the three-prime end is marked in green. The segment of DNA shown consists of two complementary strands running in opposite directions, typical of the double helix structure of DNA.
### DNA Base Pair Mutation and Protein Synthesis

**6. Describe the effect on the protein chain if base pair #8 in the parent DNA chain is mutated from:**

| Original | Mutated |
|----------|---------|
| T        | A       |
| A        | T       |

---

**7. Describe the effect on the protein chain if base pair #17 in the parent DNA chain is mutated from:**

| Original | Mutated |
|----------|---------|
| A        | T       |
| T        | A       |

---

**8. Describe the effect on the protein chain if base pair #15 in the parent DNA chain is mutated from:**

| Original | Mutated |
|----------|---------|
| T        | C       |
| A        | G       |

---

In this set of exercises, students are asked to consider the impact of specific base pair mutations within a DNA sequence on the resulting protein chain. DNA's standard base pairs are adenine (A) with thymine (T), and cytosine (C) with guanine (G). Mutations involve changes from one base to another, potentially leading to alterations in the protein product.

- **Question 6**: The mutation involves changing a thymine (T) to adenine (A) and vice versa.
- **Question 7**: The mutation involves changing an adenine (A) to thymine (T) and vice versa.
- **Question 8**: The mutation involves changing a thymine (T) to cytosine (C) and an adenine (A) to guanine (G).

These changes can affect the amino acids encoded by the DNA sequence, potentially altering the structure and function of the protein produced. By examining these mutations, students can gain a deeper understanding of how genetic variations can influence biological processes.
Transcribed Image Text:### DNA Base Pair Mutation and Protein Synthesis **6. Describe the effect on the protein chain if base pair #8 in the parent DNA chain is mutated from:** | Original | Mutated | |----------|---------| | T | A | | A | T | --- **7. Describe the effect on the protein chain if base pair #17 in the parent DNA chain is mutated from:** | Original | Mutated | |----------|---------| | A | T | | T | A | --- **8. Describe the effect on the protein chain if base pair #15 in the parent DNA chain is mutated from:** | Original | Mutated | |----------|---------| | T | C | | A | G | --- In this set of exercises, students are asked to consider the impact of specific base pair mutations within a DNA sequence on the resulting protein chain. DNA's standard base pairs are adenine (A) with thymine (T), and cytosine (C) with guanine (G). Mutations involve changes from one base to another, potentially leading to alterations in the protein product. - **Question 6**: The mutation involves changing a thymine (T) to adenine (A) and vice versa. - **Question 7**: The mutation involves changing an adenine (A) to thymine (T) and vice versa. - **Question 8**: The mutation involves changing a thymine (T) to cytosine (C) and an adenine (A) to guanine (G). These changes can affect the amino acids encoded by the DNA sequence, potentially altering the structure and function of the protein produced. By examining these mutations, students can gain a deeper understanding of how genetic variations can influence biological processes.
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