4. A sportsman is doing a 10 km marathon for 1.5 hours. What changes in lipidmetabolism in adipose tissue and muscles are triggered by long-term physicalactivity? To answer the question:a) name the hormone, controlling the lipid metabolism in adipocytes and writedown the scheme of the process;b) explain, how some of the products of lipid mobilization, transported fromadipocytes to the bloodstream, would be utilized by skeletal museles and liverin these conditions;c) calculate the ATP yield in the result of palmitolcic acid oxidation.

Long-term physical activity requires a high amount of energy supply. Physical activity increases the…

Answered: 4. A sportsman is doing a 10 km…

Biochemistry

9th Edition

ISBN:9781319114671

Author:Lubert Stryer, Jeremy M. Berg, John L. Tymoczko, Gregory J. Gatto Jr.

Publisher:Lubert Stryer, Jeremy M. Berg, John L. Tymoczko, Gregory J. Gatto Jr.

Chapter1: Biochemistry: An Evolving Science

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 1P

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f. There is a proposal that pyrazole could protect against the damaging effects of alcohol on the liver that result from prolonged decrease in the ratio of [NAD+]/[NADH] caused by the oxidation of alcohol. ( NAD+ is required for several key dehydrogenation steps in the pathway of glucose synthase. NADH promotes the accumulation of fat in the liver cells) Assuming that pyrazole is not toxic and that it is transported to the liver, evaluate its potential as an antidote to liver damage in treating chronic alcoholism. Would it be a reasonable therapeutical candidate? Explain.
Briefly explain how can SIADH (Syndrome of Inappropriate ADH secretion) result in hyponatremia. Does ADH secretion affect oxytocin secretion or not?
(a) Why is the glucose strenght in the mussle lower than in the blood, and why is it not possible to inject glucose 6 phosphate into the vains instead of glucose. ?
A. Energy is released in the process of lipid degradation. (i) Into which form is the fatty acid converted when it is transported across the inner membrane of mitochondria? (ii) Write an overall reaction for B-oxidation of a 22:0 fatty acid. (iii) Calculate the NET amount of ATP produced in (ii). Show your steps of calculation. B. Compare the mode transport of amino acids and fatty acids from the lumen of small intestine into the epithelial cells of villi. C. Briefly discuss why part of urea cycle takes place in mitochondria.
(27) An 80-year old man witha 20-year old history of ashthma comes to the physician because of a 24 hour history of a running nose , sore throat , cough,muscle aches, and fatigue. His temperature is 39.5 degrees celcius (103.1F). Zanamivir is prescribed because it inhibits which of the following enzymes? (A) Aldolase (B) Kinase (C) N-acetyl glucosaminidase (D) Neuraminidase (E) Transglycosylase
Mm.39.
4. A sportsman is doing a 10 km marathon for 1.5 hours. What changes in lipid metabolism in adipose tissue and muscles are triggered by long-term physical activity? To answer the question: a) name the hormone, controlling the lipid metabolism in adipocytes and write down the scheme of the process; b) explain, how some of the products of lipid mobilization, transported from adipocytes to the bloodstream, would be utilized by skeletal muscles and liver in these conditions; c) calculate the ATP yicld in the result of palmitolcic acid oxidation.
Describe the hallmarks of the GLUT transporter – a passive glucose transporter, and the basis behind glucose transport in erythrocytes. Note: please answer above questions using the principles pertaining to biochemistry.
Many people mistakenly believe that they suffer from hypoglycemia (low blood sugar), which is often blamed for fatigue, difficulty concentrating, irritability, and other symptoms. Why is it unlikely that many people actually have hypoglycemia?
Give some characteristics of adipocytes.
II. An unconscious man with signs of alcohol poisoning was taken to the hospital. The laboratory data of blood tests are the following: a) alcohol – 320 mg / dl (the norm - 5 mg/dl); b) glucose – 50 mg/dL; c) lactate- 2 mmol /1 (the norm-I mmol/l). What are the causes of changes in blood glucosc and lactate concentration in acute alcohol poisoning? Draw the appropriate reaction and the diagram of the process with a reduced rate in this person.
8. The adipose tissue is not only store triacylglycerols but also is active endocrine organ. Explain this function of the adipose tissuc. For that: a) explain the «clinical obesity» and possible consequences of the discase; b) name the biologically active molecules secreted by the adipose tissue; c) explain how secretion of these molecules changes with development of obesity. 9. A daily dict ofa 55-ycar-old woman, consisted ofa 500 g of carbohydrates, 100g of animal fats and 150 g of proteins, at the background of low physical activity.

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