Catalysis and Enzymatic Reactions
Catalysis is the kind of chemical reaction in which the rate (speed) of a reaction is enhanced by the catalyst which is not consumed during the process of reaction and afterward it is removed when the catalyst is not used to make up the impurity in the product. The enzymatic reaction is the reaction that is catalyzed via enzymes.
Lock And Key Model
The lock-and-key model is used to describe the catalytic enzyme activity, based on the interaction between enzyme and substrate. This model considers the lock as an enzyme and the key as a substrate to explain this model. The concept of how a unique distinct key only can have the access to open a particular lock resembles how the specific substrate can only fit into the particular active site of the enzyme. This is significant in understanding the intermolecular interaction between proteins and plays a vital role in drug interaction.
![2. An 84 kg University of Toledo groundskeeper who is spraying a 100 mg/L solution of the
insecticide dieldrin (MW = 381; logP = 4.56) on some trees exposes 100 cm“ of his skin to the
solution over a 4 hr period. Dieldrin has a half-life of about 6 months, a volume of distribution of
about 40 L/kg, and a dermal permeability of about 3 x 10° cm/sec.
(a) Estimate the absorption rate during the exposure period assuming the blood concentration is
much lower than the skin concentration (i.e., take the blood level to be zero in the skin
absorption equation).
(b) Estimate how it takes after exposure begins for the groundskeeper's plasma dieldrin levels to
reach 1 ng/L.
(c) Estimate the maximum plasma dieldrin concentration in ng/L that will occur in this
groundskeeper due to this exposure.
(d) Estimate how long it will take after exposure ends for the groundskeeper's plasma dieldrin
levels to drop back down to 1 ng/L.
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