3. Palmitate is radiolabeled at the position using 14C. This is added to a liver homogenate. Trace the flow of the radiolabeled carbon as the palmitate is catabolized and then used for ketone body production. If a molecule can have the radiolabel in two different positions, make sure to show both possibilities. Present your work as a progression through the catabolic pathway, showing the product(s) from every round of B-oxidation and the subsequent steps to ketone body production that contain the radiolabel. Make sure each step also shows any needed cofactors and/or enzymes.
Palmitate is 16 carbon fatty acid and the distant carbon is labeled as carbon in the fatty acid, so it will be present in the opposite end of carboxyl end.
Beta oxidation is a catabolic process of breakdown of fatty acids into acetyl co A with release of NADH, FADH and ATP in multiple steps. Acetyl co A enters into citric acid cycle to release more energy molecules. it is named as beta oxidation because the beta carbon of the fatty acid can undergoes oxidation into carbonyl group.
Ketone bodies are water soluble molecules which contains ketone groups produced from fatty acids in the liver. Ketone bodies can be transported to tissues and can be used for energy production via citric acid cycle. e.g. of ketone bodies are acetoacetate, acetone, and beta-hydroxybutyrate.
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