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- 12. Label the polar and non-polar ends of the representation of a lipid below:2. Draw the structure and give the systematic name of the given disaccharides. (a) Lactose which is also known as milk sugar: β-D-Gal(1--> 4)β-D-Glc, where Gal is galactose and Glc is glucose. (b) Sucrose which is also known as table sugar: β -D-Glc (1-->2) β-D-Fru where Glc is glucose and Fru is fructose.14. Tabulate the monomers, glycosidic bond between simple sugars and the linkages if branching is possible of the following polysaccharides: Amylose, amylopectin, cellulose, glycogen and chitin.
- 3. Compare and contrast proteoglycans, glycoproteins, and glycosaminoglycans. Cite examples for each1. The following lipids are important structural components of the cell membrane of fish. Draw the structure of the lipids based on the given components: a) Phosphoric acid, glycerol, serine (amino acid), stearic and linoieic acids. b) Phosphoric acid, glycerol, choline, palmitic and oleic acid.1. Identify the different classes of carbohydrate polysaccharides and explain where each of them is involved.
- 5. What is a saponification number? What does a high saponification number indicate? Name a lipid with a high and a low saponification number.1. Make a series (at least 3) of drawings to show the three dehydration synthesis reactions that take place between the two Fatty Acids, the Phosphate Head and the Glycerol. Show the water molecules made. a) Label the following on the completed phospholipid: hydrophilic and hydrophobic parts of the molecule, fatty acids, phosphate group, and glycerol. b) Compare the structure of the phospholipid to that of a triglyceride. How are the two molecules Similar? How are they different? 2. Use the following vocabulary to label and draw a cell membrane: cytoplasm (cell lumen) extra-cellular fluid hydrophobic hydrophilic polar head non-polar tails a) How many O-H groups are there? And are the O-H areas of sucrose polar or non-polar? b) What is the term that is used to discuss how tightly or loosely an atom's nucleus has a hold of its valence electrons?4. Label the below lipids as either saturated or unsaturated. HHHH H H H нн H H H. H C-C-C-C-C-C= С- с-с- С-с-с-Н H H H H H H H H H H H H H H saturated If a lipid molecule contains at least one Label the parts of the below lipid molecule. Is this a saturated or unsaturated lipid? 5. it is UNsaturated. 6. H. H. C- C- c-C -C- C-C- c-C-H H -C н н н н нн нн エー HICI HI I-0-I I-0-I
- 2b. Identify the subunits (monomers) that make up cellulose. * Monosaccharides Glycerol and Fatty Acid chain Amino Acids Nucleotides1. Draw (or insert) the general formula of an amino acid and label the four components. Which one gives the molecule its functional role? 2. What determines the three-dimensional structure a protein will have in the cell? 3. How is the structure of a protein related to its function in the cell? Be specific and give an example.1. In three sentences or less, how does the definition of “lipid” differ from the types ofdefinitions used for other biological molecules?