3. Based on the tracing of current below measured through a nanopore made from a-hemolysin channel fused with cyclodextrin during translocation of free nucleotides in the paper of Clarke et al (2009) (lecture notes "DNA Sequencing"), roughly estimate the time (in hours), which would be required to sequence a single-stranded DNA molecule with a length of 100 million NTS assuming that a. the a-hemolysin + cyclodextrin protein is supplemented with exonuclease, which cleaves off nucleotides right at the pore entrance, and b. the exonuclease cleavage rate is similar to the nucleotide translocation rate through the pore (there is always a nucleotide inside the channel). a 60 Residual pore current (pA) 50 40 30 20 10 TT 30.4 T AT AA 30.6 CGC TCAC CCCTC TGCA T CT C 31.0 30.8 Time (s) 31.2

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Nutrient Growth Medium

It is a culture medium or nutrient broth for all kinds of microorganisms to grow properly and create their colony. This matrix provides support to increase the population of microbes through the method of cell proliferation. It is regarded as the food material for those organisms. It is a type of in vitro mechanism, in which the development of life is processed outside the host body. It can be solid, semi-solid, or liquid in nature. Different kinds of cells develop in different types of media.