2. To manipulate cells and DNA, scientists use tools that are borrowed from nature, including: These naturally occurring enzymes are used as a defense by bacteria to cut up DNA from viruses at specific recognition sequences. This enzyme is used in nature to repair broken DNA. It can also be used to paste new genes into DNA. These are circular units of DNA. They can be engineered to carry genes of interest. These are viruses that infect bacteria and can be engineered to carry recombinant DNA.
Genetic Recombination
Recombination is crucial to this process because it allows genes to be reassorted into diverse combinations. Genetic recombination is the process of combining genetic components from two different origins into a single unit. In prokaryotes, genetic recombination takes place by the unilateral transfer of deoxyribonucleic acid. It includes transduction, transformation, and conjugation. The genetic exchange occurring between homologous deoxyribonucleic acid sequences (DNA) from two different sources is termed general recombination. For this to happen, an identical sequence of the two recombining molecules is required. The process of genetic exchange which occurs in eukaryotes during sexual reproduction such as meiosis is an example of this type of genetic recombination.
Microbial Genetics
Genes are the functional units of heredity. They transfer characteristic information from parents to the offspring.
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