2. The yeast gene encoding a protein found in themitotic spindle was cloned by a laboratory studyingmitosis. The gene encodes a protein of 477 aminoacids.a. What is the minimum length in nucleotides of theprotein-coding part of this yeast gene?

2. The yeast gene encoding a protein found in themitotic spindle was cloned by a laboratory studyingmitosis. The gene encodes a protein of 477 aminoacids.a. What is the minimum length in nucleotides of theprotein-coding part of this yeast gene?

Biology: The Dynamic Science (MindTap Course List)

4th Edition

ISBN:9781305389892

Author:Peter J. Russell, Paul E. Hertz, Beverly McMillan

Publisher:Peter J. Russell, Paul E. Hertz, Beverly McMillan

Chapter19: Genomes And Proteomes

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 8TYK

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Concept explainers

Genome annotation

The technique of linking biological information to genome sequences is termed genome annotation. Gene annotation is the method of identifying gene locations and coding sections. It helps us understand what these genes are doing in the body through establishing structural characteristics and linking them to the actions of various proteins.

Question

2. The yeast gene encoding a protein found in the
mitotic spindle was cloned by a laboratory studying
mitosis. The gene encodes a protein of 477 amino
acids.
a. What is the minimum length in nucleotides of the
protein-coding part of this yeast gene?

Definition Definition A complex molecule that makes up a fundamental unit of a DNA or RNA molecule. Nucleotides are composed of a sugar, a nitrogenous base, and a phosphoric acid.

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1)A. how do you read a sequence of DNA (template or non-template strand) to convert it an mRNA sequence and to a protein? B.How does chromatin remodeling regulate gene transcription? C. What are the major differences between gene expression in bacteria and eukaryotes D. How are non-coding regions involved in gene transcription? E. Explain how eukaryotic genes sometimes produce multiple protein products?
4) The fact that splicing is a strategy to optimize the use of the genome in eukaryotes is evidenced in C. elegans, which with 20,000 genes can synthesize more than 20,000 proteins. True or false 7) The mutation in the myostatin protein that results in mice with hypertrophied muscles results from a premature stop codon that results in a truncated (shorter than necessary) protein that loses its function of stopping cell division of muscle cells. What post-transcriptional quality control mechanisms fail here? (two apply) a) polyadenylation b) NMD c) splicing d) capping e) methylation 10) The nuclear transplant experiment results in: a) KO or knockout b) transgenic organisms c) RNAi (interference) d) animal cloning
+1 1 2 4 6. 7 8. 9. Transcriptional stop sequence ТАTА box ATG ТА AUG UAA Here is a diagram of a human gene in the genome. The bar above it is indicating different regions of the gene sequence. 7. Which region or regions contain the sequences that direct splicing? - 8. In which region or regions could a single base pair insertion cause a frameshift mutation (but not because of changed splicing)? - 9. In which region or regions might you find sequences that control the amount of transcription of this gene? + 10. In which region or regions could a single base pair deletion cause the mRNA to be one base pair shorter? - 11. Which region or regions usually contain a sequence that controls the secretion of the protein e product? e
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4
38.start with four exons and show mutually exclusive splicing producing 1-2-4 and 1-3-4 spliced exons. Second, start with two exons and show alternate 5’ splicing producing 1-2 and 1a-2 spliced exons. In one cell type, the 1a-2 isoform is more prevalent. Explain how SR protein binding to an ESE would regulate this preferred isoform. Be sure to include U1 in your response and define ESE.
2. a. The following figure represents the primary transcript of a typical eukaryotic protein-coding gene: bp: Exon 1 120 Intron 1 75 Exon 2 60 Intron 2 70 Exon 3 30 Poly (A) What is the size in bases of the fully processed, mature mRNA? Assume a poly (A) tail of 200 adenine residues in your calculations. b. This primary transcript is responsible for the production of a 50 amino acid protein in the liver and a 60 amino acid protein in the brain. Explain how this is possible.
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7. Consider the 3 mechanisms of HGT in prokaryotes and identify 1) which one leads to the presence of a spacer in the CRISPR locus of a bacterial chromosome and 2) describe how this HGT mechanism occurs. Hint: in 2) the question asks to describe the HGT mechanism, not how the spacer is incorporated into the bacterial chromosome by Cas proteins. The HGT mechanism that leads to a spacer in a bacterial chromosome is During this mechanism
You would like to add a nuclear localization sequence (NLS) of Lys-Lys-Lys-Arg-Lys to a protein that is usually found in the cytoplasm of a yeast cell. To accomplish this, you introduce the nucleotide sequence encoding the NLS into the gene that encodes the cytoplasmic protein of interest. a. What is the size of the nucleotide insert that will encode the NLS? Briefly explain. 5' 3' b. Below is a diagram of the gene encoding the cytoplasmic protein of interest in the yeast genome. If your goal is to put the NLS at the carboxyl (C) terminus of the protein, at which location (A-E) should the NLS be inserted? Briefly explain. A TATAA ATATT promoter +1 B ATG TAC D TAA ATT stop codon E 3' 5'
16.
Below is a schematic diagram showing a 3000 bp region of yeast genomic DNA. TSS 5' 3' 5' +1 (i) Draw and name specific regions in this schematic diagram that can be recognized by Transcription factor IID (TFIID). (ii) How does Transcription factor IIH (TFIIH) initiate the transcription? in in