2. Experiments have shown that, for airflow at T=35°C and V1= 100 m/s, the rate of heat transfer from a turbine blade of characteristic length L₁ = 0.15 m and surface temperature Ts,1=300°C is q1=1500 W. What would be the heat transfer rate from a second turbine blade of characteristic length L2 = 0.3 m operating at Ts,2=400°C in airflow of Tx-35°C and V2 = 50 m/s? The surface area of the blade may be assumed to be directly proportional to its characteristic length. Answer: 2066W
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- A 1-in-diameter (D = 1 inch) rotating machined shaft has a groove 0.1-in deep with a 0.1-in radius machined into it. The shaft is subjected to a pulsating (i.e. R = 0) torque and bending moment of following values. Based on laboratory experiments at 550°F, Sut = 150 ksi, Sy = 120 ksi, and S'e = 90 ksi are measured. Using mod-Goodman equation and for operating temperature of 550°F and 90% reliability, determine the factor of safety for yielding and fatigue of this shaft. Tmax = 2000 Ib-in Mmax = 1600 lb-in Mmin = -1200 Ib-in D - -d- M T M TThe liquid food is flowed through an uninsulated pipe at 90 ° C. The product flow rate is 0.3 kg / s and has a density of 1000 kg / m³, specific heat 4 kJ / (kg K), a viscosity of 8 x 10-6 Pa s, and a thermal conductivity of 0.55 W / (m) K). Assume that the change in viscosity is negligible. The internal diameter of the pipe is 30 mm with a thickness of 3 mm made of stainless steel (k = 15 W / [m ° C]). The outside temperature is 15 ° C. If the outer convective heat transfer coefficient is 18 W / (m² K), calculate the heat loss at steady state per meter pipe length. a. Find the convection coefficient in pipe = W / m² ° C. b. Calculate heat loss per meter pipe length = wattsA 4.5 in (inside diameter), 4.9 in (outside diameter) tube carries dry saturated steam at 10 bar. Assume that the interior temperature of the tube is the same as that of the steam. The outside air temperature is 25°C. For ksteel = 51.9 W/(m K) and hair = 13.0 W/(m2K). a) How much energy is lost, in kWh, in a 20 m long section of pipe during an 8-hours
- The liquid food is flowed through an uninsulated pipe at 90 ° C. The product flow rate is 0.4 kg / s and has a density of 1000 kg / m³, specific heat 4 kJ / (kg K), a viscosity of 8 x 10-6 Pa s, and a thermal conductivity of 0.55 W / (m) K). Assume that the change in viscosity is negligible. The internal diameter of the pipe is 20 mm with a thickness of 3 mm made of stainless steel (k = 15 W / [m ° C]). The outside temperature is 15 ° C. If the outer convective heat transfer coefficient is 18 W / (m² K), calculate the heat loss at steady state per meter of pipe length. a.Find the convection coefficient in the pipe = AnswerW / m² ° C. b. Calculate heat loss per meter pipe length = Answerwatt.Control volume concept can be used to obtain forces in both internal and external flow. By drawing a control volume around a region of fluid to expose the stresses acting on the boundaries and applying the conservation of mass and conservation of momentum in integral form, the net forces acting on the fluid and hence the reaction forces acting on the solid boundary can be calculated. The advantages of this approach over differential approach are: (i) It is an easy way to obtain net forces. (ii) It gives a detailed understanding of how these forces are generated. (iii) It is commonly used in engineering practice to obtain reaction forces on pump, turbine, elbow, etc. for the design of anchoring fixtures/foundation. (A) (B) (C) (D) (i) and (ii) (i) and (iii) (ii) and (iii) All of the aboveA circuit board is cooled by passing cool helium gaş "C,= 5193 J/kg.C, v =1.233×10 m /s, p= 0.1635 kg/m Pr = 0.669, k = 0.1565 W/m.°C " through a channel [0.46 cm x14 cm×20 cm ] drilled into the board. Helium enters at 15°C and 6.8 m/s and leaves at 63.7 °C. The heat flux at the top surface of the channel can be considered to be uniform, and heat transfer through other surfaces is negligible. Assume fully developed flow for the whole channel length and (if flow is NOT Laminar use Dittus-Boelter equation:Nu=0.023 Re Pr) What is the maximum surface temperature on the circuit board (°C)? Electronic components, T, °C Не 15°C L=20 cm Channel
- 1. The wind turbine gives the following data: Blade length, I-52 m, Wind speed, v= 12 m/s, Air density, p=1.23 kg/m, Power Coefficient, C,- 0.4, CalculateForced air at T0 = 25°C and V = 17 m/s is used to cool electronic elements on a circuit board. One such element is a chip, 4 mm x 4 mm, located 129 mm from the leading edge of the board. Experiments have revealed that flow over the board is disturbed by the elements and that convection heat transfer is correlated by an expression of the form Nuz = 0.04RE0.85 Pr3 V, T. Chip Board L mm Estimate the surface temperature of the chip if it is dissipating 38 mW.Hi, Please see attached image
- 7.36 A long, cylindrical, electrical heating element of diameter D = 12 mm, thermal conductivity k = 240 W/mK, den- sity p = 2700 kg/m³, and specific heat cp = 900 J/kg . K is installed in a duct for which air moves in cross flow over the heater at a temperature and velocity of 30°C and 8 m/s, respectively. (a) Neglecting radiation, estimate the steady-state sur- face temperature when, per unit length of the heater, electrical energy is being dissipated at a rate of 1000 W/m. (b) If the heater is activated from an initial temperature of 30°C, estimate the time required for the surface temperature to come within 10°C of its steady-state value.Consider parallel flow over a flat plate for air at 300 K and engine oil at 380 K. The free stream velocity is u temperature difference between the surface and the free stream is the same in both cases, with Ts > T (a) Determine the location, in m, where transition to turbulence occurs, xc, for both fluids. 8 X (b) For laminar flow over a flat plate, the velocity boundary layer thickness is given by = layer thickness 6, in m, for x = 1 for each fluid. Part A Determine the location, in m, where transition to turbulence occurs, xc, for both fluids. (c) Determine the thermal boundary layer thickness 6₁, in m, for x = 1 for each fluid. At an x-location where both fluids experience laminar flow conditions, which fluid has the largest temperature gradient at the plate surface, — dT/ dy|y_o? Which fluid is associated with the largest local Nusselt number Nu? Which fluid is associated with the largest local heat transfer coefficient h? y=0 Xc,air = Xc,eo = i m 5 Rex m = 1.6 m/s. The Determine…(1) Given the working form of the Bernoulli equation as dW - F dm Where 3 is the friction heating per unit mass dP F = Au - dm Given also that friction heating in laminar flow of Newtonian fluids in circular pipes is given as -AP F =- = -gAz = Q Ax " 128 Ax is change in the x-direction. A typical capillary viscometer has a large-diameter reservoir and a long, small diameter, vertical tube. The sample is placed in the reservoir and the flow rate due to gravity is measured. The tube is 0.1 m long and has a 1 mm ID. The height of the fluid in the reservoir above the inlet to the tube is 0.02 m. The fluid being tested has a density of 1050 kg / m. The flow rate is 10* m³ / s. What is the viscosity of the fluid? Typical capillary viscometer