18. In a survey of recent attendees at a Wedding with no Mask or Social distance during the Covid pandemic, if a person is mildly sick, there is a 48% chance he or she has Covid-19, if a person shows no symptoms, there is a 12% chance he or she has Covid-19 and if a person is badly sick, there is a 72% chance he or she has Covid-19. Of the persons surveyed, 20% were mildly sick, 60% showed no symptoms and 20% were badly sick. What is the probability a randomly selected person has Covid-19? Given that the Person has Covid -19, What is the probability that he or she is badly sick

18. In a survey of recent attendees at a Wedding with no Mask or Social distance during the Covid pandemic, if a person is mildly sick, there is a 48% chance he or she has Covid-19, if a person shows no symptoms, there is a 12% chance he or she has Covid-19 and if a person is badly sick, there is a 72% chance he or she has Covid-19. Of the persons surveyed, 20% were mildly sick, 60% showed no symptoms and 20% were badly sick. What is the probability a randomly selected person has Covid-19? Given that the Person has Covid -19, What is the probability that he or she is badly sick

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Description: 18. In a survey of recent attendees at a Wedding with no Mask or Social distance during the Covid pandemic, if a person is mildly sick, there is a 48% chance he or she has Covid-19, if a person shows no symptoms, there is a 12% chance he or she has C

A First Course in Probability (10th Edition)

10th Edition

ISBN:9780134753119

Author:Sheldon Ross

Publisher:Sheldon Ross

Chapter1: Combinatorial Analysis

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 1.1P: a. How many different 7-place license plates are possible if the first 2 places are for letters and...

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Pigmented makeup products like mascara and eye shadow may contain metal (e.g., nickel) allergens. Is a nickel allergy more likely to occur in women who report cosmetic dermatitis from using eye shadow or mascara? In a sample of 125 women with cosmetic dermatitis from using eye shadow, 11 were diagnosed with a nickel allergy. In a sample of 267 women with cosmetic dermatitis from using mascara, 25 were diagnosed with a nickel allergy. Use this information to complete parts a through c below. a. Compute a 95% confidence interval for the proportion of women with cosmetic dermatitis from using eye shadow who have a nickel allergy. b. compute a 95% confidence interval for the proportion of women with cosmetic cermatitis from using mascara who have a nickel allergy
3.) In a randomized experiment, double-blind clinical trials of Prevnar, infants were randomly divided into twogroups. Subjects in group 1 received Prevnar, while subjects in group 2 received a control vaccine. After the seconddose, 137 of 452 subjects who received Prevnar experienced drowsiness as a side effect. After the second dose, 31of 99 subjects who the control vaccine experienced drowsiness as a side effect. Does the evidence suggest that alower proportion of subjects who took Prevnar experienced drowsiness as a side effect than subjects who had thecontrol vaccine at the ? = 0.01 level of significance?a.) Verify that the requirements for inference about two population proportions is satisfied.b.) What is the Null and Alternative Hypotheses? What test will you be using?c.) What is the level of significance and the ?-value?
2. A study was performed among patients with a rotator cuff shoulder injury. Patients were randomized to receive either a specific yoga maneuver (called the active group), or a sham yoga maneuver (called the sham group). Patients were asked to rate their pain on a 10-point Likert scale with a higher number indicating more pain. They evaluated their pain at baseline (time 1). They were then taught to perform either the active maneuver or the sham maneuver and rated their pain 1 hour later (time 2). Pain was assessed for 2 specific types of shoulder movement referred to as abduction (roughly meaning moving their shoulder away from their body) and flexion (roughly meaning moving their shoulder inward towards their mid-chest). The results for change in pain between Time 2 and Time 1 for the abduction maneuver are given in Table 3 for the subgroup of patients with rotator cuff symptoms in their dominant arm. Table 3 Change in Pain (Time 2 minus Time 1) for Subjects in the Rotator Cuff…
Mammography and clinical breast examination are the two major techniques used to screen for breast cancer. However, as true for any screening test, they are not completely accurate. If it is determined, based on mammographic findings, that there is a possibility of breast cancer, this is usually confirmed or disconfirmed by a subsequent biopsy. A false positive test is a mammogram positive test that is disconfirmed by biopsy. The data in Table 1 were reported in a paper concerning breast cancer screening (Elmore, et al, New England Journal of Medicine 1998; 338(16): 1089-1096). Table 1 False positive breast cancer screening tests over a 10-year period # Screening tests # False positive tests 9762 631 1. Another aspect of mammographic screening is the presence of false negatives. A false negative is a screen negative woman who has breast cancer. False negatives usually occur because the tumors are small and hard to detect. It is estimated that among women with breast cancer, 2% of all…
An experiment to determine if a migraine medication decreases a person's average number of monthly migraines is performed on 400 people who report they have several migraines a month. Researchers randomly assigned 200 people to the treatment group and 200 people to the control group. After the study, the researchers determined that 48 of the subjects in the treatment group and 28 of the subjects in the control group average fewer migraines per month. The data from the two groups are resampled 150 times, and the table shows the distribution of the differences of the proportions for the reconfigured treatment and control groups.
A study was performed to test the effectiveness of aspirin in the treatment of strokes. There were 200 patients in the study. A random sample of 110 of these patients were placed in the “aspirin” group, and the remaining 90 in the “control” group. After six months of treatment, all the patients were evaluated and their condition recorded as either favorable or unfavorable. Of the 110 “aspirin” patients, 72 had favorable outcomes; of the 90 “control” patients, 53 had favorable outcomes. We want to test the null hypothesis that the percentage of favorable outcomes is the same between the two conditions.   Write down the box model for the null hypothesis as a sentence or picture of the box.               Under the null hypothesis, the difference in the sample percentages is expected to be ________%, and the standard error for the difference is ________%.        Calculate the appropriate two-sample z test statistic.             Calculate the p-value and express what it means in plain…
5. Help for Insomniacs. In Exercise 1.23, we learned of a study to determine whether just one session of cognitive behavioral therapy can help people with insomnia. In the study, forty people who had been diagnosed with insomnia were randomly divided into two groups of 20 each. People in one group received a one-hour cognitive behavioral therapy session while those in the other group received no treatment. Three months later, 14 of those in the therapy group reported sleep improvements while only 3 people in the other group reported improvements. Create a two-way table of the data. Include row and column labels, as well as totals across and down. a. b. How many of the 40 people in the study reported sleep improvement? c. Of the people receiving the therapy session, what proportion p, reported sleep improvements? Show your calculation with your answer. N d. What proportion of people who did not receive therapy reported sleep improvements? Show your calculation with your answer. N' e.…
Harwood and Naylor (1969) wondered whether visual memory changes with age. A standardized test shows that when young adults (mean age 24 years) have learned to recognize 20 line drawings of common objects, they recognize about 75% of these in a surprise test four weeks later. Harwood and Naylor conducted the same experiment with a random sample of older adults from Montreal, a second random sample of older adults from Maberly, and a third random sample of older adults from Aylmer. The researchers recorded the percentage of recognized drawings (on the surprise test) for each older participant. The data for this question is below. Use this data to answer the following question: determine zalpha/2 for 81% confidence interval around d for the data collected in Maberly.. please give the answer to 5 decimal places. 58 75 78 82 75 82 70 62 75 72 58 68 60 67 60 51 66 54 81 71 61 62 71 72 71 80 69 47 68 75 64 55 82 66
A survey of 1000 adults from a certain region asked, "If purchasing a used car made certain upgrades or features more affordable, what would be your preferred luxury upgrade?" The results indicated that 58% of the females and 51% of the males answered window tinting. The sample sizes of males and females were not provided. Suppose that of 600 females, 348 reported window tinting as their preferred luxury upgrade of choice, while of 400 males, 204 reported window tinting as their preferred luxury upgrade of choice. Complete parts (a) through (d) below. a. Is there evidence of a difference between males and females in the proportion who said they prefer window tinting as a luxury upgrade at the 0.05 level of significance? State the null and alternative hypotheses, where π1 is the population proportion of females who said they prefer window tinting as a luxury upgrade and π2 is the population proportion of males who said they prefer window tinting as a luxury…
The drug Finasteride is marketed as Propecia to help protect against male pattern baldness, and it also may protect against prostate cancer. A large sampleof healthy men over age 55 were randomly assigned to receive either a daily Finasteride pill or a placebo. The study lasted seven years and the men had annual check-ups and a biopsy at the end of the study. Prostate cancer was found in 804 of 4368 men taking Finasteride and in 1145 of the 4692 men taking a placebo. 1.) Assume that the true risk of developing prostate cancer for a man taking Finasteride is equal to the one in this sample. If 10 men from the Finasteride group are randomly selected, what is the probability that at least one of them will develop prostate cancer? Answer choices: a. 0.184 b. 0.816 c. 0.869 d. 0.131
A paper describes a study of the use of MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging) exams in the diagnosis of breast cancer. The purpose of the study was to determine if MRI exams do a better job than mammograms of determining if women who have recently been diagnosed with cancer in one breast have cancer in the other breast. The study participants were 950 women who had been diagnosed with cancer in one breast and for whom a mammogram did not detect cancer in the other breast. These women had an MRI exam of the other breast, and 101 of those exams indicated possible cancer. After undergoing biopsies, it was determined that 30 of the 101 did in fact have cancer in the other breast, whereas 71 did not. The women were all followed for one year, and four of the women for whom the MRI exam did not indicate cancer in the other breast were subsequently diagnosed with cancer that the MRI did not detect. The accompanying table summarizes this information. Cancer Cancer Not Present Present Total MRI…
The drug Finasteride is marketed as Propecia to help protect against male pattern baldness, and it also may protect against prostate cancer. A large sampleof healthy men over age 55 were randomly assigned to receive either a daily Finasteride pill or a placebo. The study lasted seven years and the men had annual check-ups and a biopsy at the end of the study. Prostate cancer was found in 804 of 4368 men taking Finasteride and in 1145 of the 4692 men taking a placebo. the 95% confidence interval for the risk difference is (-0.077, -0.043). Compared to this confidence interval, a 98% confidence interval for the risk difference is: a.) wider b.) there is not enough information provided to decide c.) half the width d.) the same width e.) narrower