1. You set up two cultures with an equal amounts of Escherichia coli. You label one culture "A" and the other "B." Each culture is given 100mL of tryptic soy nutrient broth. You then take culture A and incubate it in the absence of oxygen and take culture B and incubate it in the presence of oxygen for one week. If E. coli is able to use both aerobic and anaerobic metabolism, the how would we classify it? Is it an obligate aerobe, obligate anaerobe, or a facultative anaerobe? Based on that information, which flask, A or B, would have more cells at the end of the week? Fully explain your answer.
Electron Transport Chain
The electron transport chain, also known as the electron transport system, is a group of proteins that transfer electrons through a membrane within mitochondria to create a gradient of protons that drives adenosine triphosphate (ATP)synthesis. The cell uses ATP as an energy source for metabolic processes and cellular functions. ETC involves series of reactions that convert redox energy from NADH (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) + hydrogen (H)) and FADH2(flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD)) oxidation into proton-motive force(PMF), which is then used to synthesize ATP through conformational changes in the ATP synthase complex, a process known as oxidative phosphorylation.
Metabolism
Picture a campfire. It keeps the body warm on a cold night and provides light. To ensure that the fire keeps burning, fuel needs to be added(pieces of wood in this case). When a small piece is added, the fire burns bright for a bit and then dies down unless more wood is added. But, if too many pieces are placed at a time, the fire escalates and burns for a longer time, without actually burning away all the pieces that have been added. Many of them, especially the larger chunks or damp pieces, remain unburnt.
Cellular Respiration
Cellular respiration is the cellular process involved in the generation of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) molecules from the organic nutritional source obtained from the diet. It is a universal process observed in all types of life forms. The glucose (chemical formula C6H12O6) molecules are the preferred raw material for cell respiration as it possesses a simple structure and is highly efficient in nature.
Introduction:-
Obligate anaerobes are microorganisms that cannot survive in the presence of oxygen. They lack the enzymes necessary to detoxify reactive oxygen species (ROS) produced by aerobic respiration, which can damage cellular components such as DNA, proteins, and lipids. Therefore, obligate anaerobes must rely on alternative electron acceptors, such as sulfate, nitrate, or carbon dioxide, to generate energy
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