1. Define the following terms in the context of Drug Discovery and Development. (2 pts each)(a) Target(b) Hit(c) Lead(d) Lead Optimization(e) Investigational New Drug (IND)(f) New Drug Application (NDA)(g) Pharmacodynamics(h) Pharmacokinetics(i) Absorption(j) Distribution(k) Metabolism(I) Excretion(m) Toxicity(n) Phenotype-based drug discovery(o) Target-based drug discovery

A Detailed Explanation with References:(a) TargetDefinition: In drug discovery, a target is a…

Answered: 1. Define the following terms in the…

Chemistry: The Molecular Science

5th Edition

ISBN:9781285199047

Author:John W. Moore, Conrad L. Stanitski

Publisher:John W. Moore, Conrad L. Stanitski

Chapter13: The Chemistry Of Solutes And Solutions

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 57QRT

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charting costs ($) - T T TTT T 2. On the graph shown to the right: (a) Draw a star (*) on the abscissa. 120 110 100 (b) Draw a diamond (O) on the ordinate. 90 9 80 70 (c) Draw a circle around the dependent variable. 60 50 40 30 (d) Draw a small arrow point- ing to a tic mark. 20 10 25 30 35 (e) Circle the origin. 10 16 20 number of patiernts
A research group discovers a neW version oI happyasee, which they nappyase", that catalyzes the chemical reaction HAPPY = SAD The researchers begin to characterize the enzyme. In the first experiment, with [E] at 4 nM, they find that the Vmax is 1.6 µM s-1. Based on this experiment, what is the kcat for happyase*? kcat 400 S In another experiment, with [E,] at 1 nM and [HAPPY] at 30 µM, the researchers find that Vo is equal to 300 nM s-1. What i the measured Km of happyase* for its substrate HAPPY? Km 10 x10–6 Incorrect Further research shows that the purified happyase* used in the first two experiments was actually contaminated with a reversible inhibitor called ANGER. When ANGER is carefully removed from the happyase* preparation, and the two experiments repeated, the measured Vmax increases to 4.8 µM s-, and the measured Km is now 15 µM. S For the inhibitor ANGER, calculate the values of a' and a. a' 2 Incorrect 2
A direct enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) test on a patient's sample is shown below. Development of a strong (dark) color reaction would indicate: 1 Antibody is adsorbed to well. 2 Patient sample is added; complementary antigen binds to antibody. 3 Enzyme-linked antibody specific 4 Enzyme's substrate () is added, for test antigen is added and binds and reaction produces a product that causes a visible color change (O). to antigen, forming sandwich. A low concentration of a specific antigen in the patient's sample O A high concentration of a specific enzyme in the patient's sample The patient's antibody is specific for the enzyme's substrate O A high concentration of a specific antigen in the patient's sample A high concentration of a specific antibody (against the test antigen) in the patient's sample
Past paper
The bacterial load of a ketchup (pH-3.9) can be reduced from 6,000 units to 6 units in 15 minutes at 101 °C. (1) What is its D-value at 101 °C? (ii) How long should it be processed to sterilize it? (i) 3 minutes; (ii) 15 minutes (1) 3 minutes; (ii) 36 minutes (i) 5 minutes; (ii) 25 minutes
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Study guide 29 Option A.)[Option 1] “Shift A” Option B.) [Option 2] “Shift B”
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This problem can be worked with Equations 18-6 on a calculator or with the spreadsheet in Figure 18-5. Transferrin is the iron-transport protein found in blood. It has a molecular mass of 81 000 and carries two Fe³* ions. Desferrioxamine B is a chelator used to 18-A. treat patients with iron overload (Box 11-1). It has a molecular mass of about 650 and can bind one Fe³+. Desferrioxamine can take iron from many sites within the body and is excreted (with its iron) through the kidneys. Molar absorptivities of these compounds (satu- rated with iron) at two wavelengths are given in the table. Both com- pounds are colorless (no visible absorption) in the absence of iron. e(M¯' cm¯') A(nm) Transferrin Desferrioxamine 428 3 540 2 730 470 4 170 2 290 (a) A solution of transferrin exhibits an absorbance of 0.463 at 470 nm in a 1.000-cm cell. Calculate the concentration of transferrin in mil- ligrams per milliliter and the concentration of bound iron in micro- grams per milliliter. (b) After…
The measurement of LDH in the serum can be used to diagnose whether tissue damage hasoccurred.Students were tasked with the development of an assay for LDH activity in human serum samplesfrom a control patient (healthy) and a patient who had suffered cardiac damage. Two samples wereprovided, labelled C and D (Control and Diseased serum).The students decided to follow the loss of absorbance of NADH in an appropriate assay buffercontaining pyruvate as the substrate. Q1 (a) By examining the absorbance spectra(in the image attached) of both NAD+ and NADH below, comment why this approach is suitable strategy. Q1 (b). What would be the optimum wavelength at which they should measure absorbance? Give a reason for your answer. The students conducted the assay for LDH activity using the two serum samples. Each cuvette (path length 1 cm) contained 3ml of a suitable assay buffer (including pyruvate as substrate). 20 microlitres of either serum was added to the cuvette and the absorbance values…
3
Select which of the following products would be made by the chemical transformation indicated below: H₂ Lindlar's cat.

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