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1 Executive Summary Student’s Name Institutional Affiliation Course Number and Name Instructor’s Name Assignment Due Date

2 Executive Summary: Introduction to Policing Paper The three journal articles comprehensively examine the blue wall of silence, its impact on police misconduct, and efforts to break down this culture within law enforcement. The first article by Steve Conway and Louise Westmarland (2021) presents findings from a survey of UK police officers and support staff, exploring scenarios related to reporting misbehaviors. The study utilized an online survey with quantitative data and free-text responses to investigate the underlying reasons for the blue wall of silence. The results shed light on the reluctance of officers to report their colleagues' misconduct, encompassing a range of behaviors from bending the rules and accepting bribes to inappropriate sexual conduct and drug use. The study highlights the need for transparency and accountability in public organizations, especially those dedicated to serving the community. The second article by Hadley (2021) focuses on racial disparities in discipline within the New York City Police Department (NYPD). By analyzing recently released data, the article reveals significant disparities in disciplinary actions, indicating the leniency shown towards police misconduct. The study highlights the case of Officer Daniel Pantaleo, who was involved in the controversial death of Eric Garner, a black man, and had a history of previous civilian complaints. The article argues for greater transparency in disciplinary processes, as the public dissemination of such information would facilitate discussions on police reform and enable officers of color and the public to participate in shaping the future of law enforcement. The third article explores the code of silence, often called the blue wall of silence or blue curtain, prevalent within police departments. Liu (2020) highlights the adverse effects of this unwritten prohibition against reporting misconduct among officers, which erodes police accountability and public trust in the criminal justice system. It emphasizes the need to dismantle

3 this code through a multi-faceted approach. Legislative measures are necessary to establish clear guidelines and protections for whistleblowers within law enforcement. Disciplinary actions must be implemented consistently to ensure that officers who engage in misconduct are held accountable.

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4 References Conway, S., & Westmarland, L. (2021). The Blue Wall of Silence: Police Integrity and Corruption. THE SILENCE OF ORGANIZATIONS , p. 105. https://books.ub.uni- heidelberg.de/heibooks/reader/download/592/592-3-94064-3-10- 20210709.pdf#page=107 Hadley, M. (2021). Behind the blue wall of silence: Racial disparities in NYPD discipline. Colum. Hum. Rs. L. Rev. , pp. 53 , 663. https://heinonline.org/hol-cgi-bin/get_pdf.cgi?handle=hein.journals/colhr53&section=17 Liu, A. (2020). The blue wall of silence: degradation of accountability. https://rucore.libraries.rutgers.edu/rutgers-lib/66032/

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