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Jan 9, 2024

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Child Abuse and Neglect 1 The case under review, Brandon's, is often a too acquainted sight in today's society. It is more often that we see the more time-faceted domains in which child abuse can take place. Sexual abuse is not endorsed in reports, and due to this dissimilarity, there is a higher likelihood of actually having a much greater individual sexual abuse history reported than portrayed (Damyan et al., 2022). Sexual abuse can involve a loved one or a violent act committed by not only a loved one and a family but also by a stranger. These can include seduction and manipulation by these individuals. In the case of Brandon, a 12-year-old male, his mother was told that his father had assaulted him sexually around the ages of 4 and 6. His father, whom Brandon had trusted, loved, and become close with, became the abuser. As a social worker, it isn't easy to conceive what the child was experiencing emotionally; growing up thinking his father was doing what was the social construct or models of routine life because a father models right and wrong and looks up to you the parent of the same sex for guidance- along being an apparent authority figure in the child's life during these times, can help mitigate the actual impact of the abuse. Regarding Brandon, being at a young age and displaying certain behaviors, such as acting out among his peers in school and vexation directed at his mother, could be a superficial profile of the anger masking secondary to a misinterpreted primary attention deficit hyperactive disorder. That being said, Brandon could be reaching out for help due to these aggressive behaviors and intermittent external emotional disinhibition. Consequently, sexual abuse is not easy for anyone to hear, let alone see. As Brandon became older, understandably, he began to acknowledge what he had experienced in constructing the norm of their actions, that what happened in his childhood and his experience

Child Abuse and Neglect 2 was atypical to a normal development in children. After realizing what happened, being able to tell his mother was a massive step in the right direction. After hearing the news, his mother demonstrates good parenting skills by immediately jumping into action without hesitation, questioning Brandon's emotions or beliefs, and calling the police to get into action. This shows good parenting dynamics in protecting her son and putting him first. Due to the quick action of the mother, Brandon will hopefully feel a sense of relief from the fact that the abuser is in jail. Therefore, the abuse is over, but with that said, there could be a comorbid feeling of shame and guilt-principally on the fact that it is his father. Due to these emotions, Brandon could develop physically aggressive behaviors, specifically at home with his mom. Secondarily, this could also be at school towards his peers. These could be isolated incidents with female peers, demonstrating inappropriate behavior, which includes sexual language and sexual innuendo. This could be due to the modeling his father presented to his son, displacing him and his thinking into societal standards' social norms and constructs. As Zastrow (2016) highlighted, modeling is often a learned behavior, or learning of behavior, by two individuals observing one another and engaging in that behavior. Inadvertently, this can cause a parent to model adaptive, maladaptive, and counterproductive behaviors for their children. These behaviors could be accentuated secondary to the shame of being abused along with thinking that he did something wrong to his father, therefore believing that is why his father is using him. Due to this thinking error, most of the sexual abuse of children happens in situations where children trust and become dependent upon, consequently, the abuser (Zastrow et al., 2021). Furthermore, the majority of survivors, specifically of sexual abuse, may have an exacerbated difficulty in externalizing Specific abuse (Rudolph et al., 2007). This causes negative associations with themselves and relationships and comorbid disorders such as depression, shame, guilt, interpersonal sexual

Child Abuse and Neglect 3 problems with relationships, self-blaming, and repression of traumatic events (Cenet et al., 2023). As a social worker, the person-in-environment perspective or hypothesis can help the social worker understand an individual and their behavior regarding the environmental contacts that the person lives and acts in a day-to-day function (Zaset et al., 2018). Working with Brandon and his family as a social worker in this context will allow a better understanding of his behavior. As social workers, we can utilize this to consider different interventions regarding the individual's environment while understanding the importance of cultural competency. Being that Brandon is preadolescent and cannot articulate to anyone precisely what his father is doing, this is very impactful and devastating to him because he is still cognitively developing. According to Sigmund Freud, this is specifically consequential in young juveniles' disposition and personality development between the ages of six and seven. He is presenting in aggression when male or female children want to get what they want due to the ID. The ID, "The Wanting," is not under the restriction or condition of the ego and superego, and because of these actions against his mother and others, this could be him reaching out that he is distressed and acting out because of it (Zastrow et al., 2018). In applicability, the social worker utilizes this ecological model to understand Brandon's situation because he is the principal epicenter and antecedent of focus. A person-in- environmental approach can be used in assessing Brandon, focusing specifically on his strengths and other aspects of his development. This approach serves in a micro aspect regarding the social worker, specifically in person, as an enabler and an antecedent of being not only a counselor but also an educator and caregiver to the specific individual (Zastrow et al., 2018). In

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Child Abuse and Neglect 4 this instance, social workers can also be good brokers, advocating to ensure the right services and that the proper intervention and treatments are being handled. Social workers in this situation can also be the primary transparent intersection of guidance they need through the other multifaceted systems they will work in correlation with, whether police, doctors, or healthcare workers. Social workers can also get them connected with other multidimensional professionals. It is evident from the case study that Brandon had sustained severe trauma and maladaptive behaviors due to the ordeal caused by his father. His mother has shown great strength in taking sides in an active role by attending family therapy services and counseling to traverse this adverse situation. According to ACEs, PCEs, and PACEs, some factors can mitigate null trauma, while others can be aggravated (Nirmala et al., 2023). in the specific case of Brandon, there is a slight hesitation in his fears for his physical safety and that he sleeps with a loaded gun while simultaneously searching for offenders, sexual in his neighborhood. Being that he is in constant distress and disequilibrium about his safety. Brandon has shown resilience since starting treatment. He has admitted that he has been sexually explicit towards his female peers with language. Furthermore, in counseling, there is a joint call by both him and his mom that they will be able to re-conciliate and rebuild their own interpersonal and social lives and get some sense of social standards, not only in their specific lives but also in interpersonal relationships. Hopefully, This will give Brandon the courage to face his father when he is ready to contact him again after his parole hearing, allowing for closure.

Child Abuse and Neglect 5 References:  Shen, F., Soloski, K., & Liu, Y. (2021). Adolescent parental attachment and intimate relationship in adulthood: An investigation of contextual factors and long-term outcomes of child sexual abuse. Children and Youth Services Review , 122 . https://doi.org/10.1016/j.childyouth.2020.105869  Rudolph, J., Zimmer-Gembeck, M. J., Shanley, D. C., & Hawkins, R. (2018). Child Sexual Abuse Prevention Opportunities: Parenting, Programs, and the Reduction of Risk. Child Maltreatment , 23 (1), 96–106. https://doi.org/10.1177/1077559517729479  CÉNAT, J. M. et al. Lifetime and Child Sexual Violence, Risk Factors, and Mental Health Correlates Among a Nationally Representative Sample of Adolescents and Young Adults in Haiti: A Public Health Emergency. Journal of Interpersonal Violence , [s. l.] , v. 38, n. 3/4, p. 2778–2805, 2023. DOI 10.1177/08862605221102484. Disponível em: https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx? direct=true&AuthType=shib&db=edb&AN=161364342&site=eds-live&scope=site. Acesso em: 24 dez. 2023.  M, N., Rajalakshmi, B., Dandu, V. K., Tallapalli, S. L., & Karanwal, H. (2023). ACE: Automated Exam Control and E-Proctoring System Using Deep Face Recognition. 2023 International Conference on Circuit Power and Computing Technologies (ICCPCT), Circuit Power and Computing Technologies (ICCPCT), 2023 International Conference On , 301–306. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICCPCT58313.2023.10245126  Zastrow, C. H., & Kirst-Ashman, K. K. (2018). Understanding human behavior and the social environment (10th ed.). Boston, MA: Cengage Learning

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