BEHS Annotated Bibliography_Group 1

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BEHS 453 7381 Domestic Violence Annotated Bibliography Domestic Violence in different branches of the Military Bonnes, S., & Palmer, J. H. (2020). The U.S. Marine Corps’ response to intimate partner sexual violence: An analysis of the Family Advocacy Program and the Sexual Assault Prevention and Response Program . Armed Forces & Society, 0095327X2097439. https://doi.org/10.1177/0095327x20974397 Bonnes and Palmer (2020) offer insights into how the US military handles domestic and intimate partner violence and sexual assault. The authors focus on the Marine Corps, noting that the US military these two cases differently. Bonnes and Palmer (2020) observe that the cases of sexual assault in the Marine Corps are higher than in other military installations, with the 10.7% prevalence being more than twice what was observed in the Air Force (4.3%), more than the Army (5.8%) and the Navy (7.5%). Data was acquired by assessing documents and orders from the Family Advocacy Program, the Sexual Assault Prevention and Response Program, and interviews with military prosecutors. The findings reveal that the Marine Corps’ separation of sexual assault and domestic violence in their formulation of solutions is inefficient, and changes are necessary to enhance attention to these problems. This source provides foundational information on which other research on the subject can hinge. Highlighting the problem with intervention methods can pave the way for appropriate corrections, ensuring better responses to the challenges surrounding society’s attention to these problems.

BEHS 453 7381 Domestic Violence Carroll, K.K, Held, P. Klassen, B., Lofgreen, A., Rufa, A.K., Zalta, A.K. (2022). " You're going to look at me differently". A qualitative study of disclosure experiences among survivors of military sexual assault. Journal of Traumatic Stress 35 (3), 901-913. https://doi-org.exproxy.umgc.edu/10.1002/jts.22797 This article focuses primarily on the substantial number of female veteran survivors of military sexual assault (MSA). The study shows that 38.9% of female veterans and 3.9% of male veterans reported experiences of military sexual trauma (Carroll, Held & Klassen, et. al, 2021). Military findings revealed there were unsupportive reactions to disclosure consisting of threats, negative attitudes, and harsh consequences (Carroll, Held & Klassen, et. al, 2021). Data also reflected barriers to disclosure, such as a perceived lack of confidentiality with who they reported to, fear of judgement, or being ostracized from the community (Carroll, Held & Klassen, et. al, 2021). Additionally, many women felt silenced when reporting their experience about the perpetrator, and only felt relief and support from supporters and family outside the military. The study concluded that the disclosure of military sexual assault and trauma is relatively understudied specifically around awareness and treatment and future work should focus on developing a model of informal disclosure experiences (Carroll, Held & Klassen, et. al, 2021)

BEHS 453 7381 Domestic Violence Jameson, J., Lai, K. & Russell, D. 2023. BMC Psychology. DOAJ. Retrieved from: https://doaj.org/article/be2bb72b5c8c45a1a8776f7aad90a4cd https://bmcpsychology.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s40359-023-01134-1 While domestic violence and sexual assault offenders in the study were found to be low ranked younger males, and females were found to be the ones that had the most suicidal thoughts, data collected for a decade was based on reported incidents. The study was conducted specifically for those in the Navy from 2010 through 2020. The data was collected when a report was made regarding assault, domestic violence, etc. One of the reports data collected in a ten-year time showed that black women under the age of 25 were victims of domestic violence. It is thought that the number of cases in the data could be underreported, (2023) Kelley, M., Milletich, R., Snell, A., Stambaugh, L., Veprinsky, A. 2015. U.S. Navy members. Number of deployments, relationship satisfaction and perpetration of partner violence among. Journal of Family Psychology Retrieved from https://eds-s-ebscohost-com.ezproxy.umgc.edu/eds/detail/detail?vid=5&sid=4729d3e9-7700-4b4 9-a300-1fa419578e89%40redis&bdata=JnNpdGU9ZWRzLWxpdmUmc2NvcGU9c2l0ZQ%3d% 3d#AN=2015-25421-001&db A report using the family system theory was done on those in the Navy and how it affects those that are deployed 8 to 10 months. Studies have shown that those that have served or are serving in the military have a higher IPV ( intimate partner violence) than civilian couples. The study hypothesized that those in the Navy had more violence due to deployments. In the survey, 17 out of 72 said that they perpetrated one act of violence in the past 12 months. One stated 120 acts of

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BEHS 453 7381 Domestic Violence violence. 58 men and 22 women participated in the survey. The average age was 29, (2015). The conclusion of the study was that those with multiple deployments along with not a satisfactory relationship with their partner did have an association with IPV, (2015). MacGillivray, J., Pulkkinen, A., FAPM, & MyCG. (2023, October 2). Uniting Against Domestic abuse . United States Coast Guard. https://www.mycg.uscg.mil/News/Article/3545283/uniting-against-domestic-abuse/ This article is on the United States Coast Guard government website and emphasizes the unity of the military community and how they support victims, show examples of promoting safe and healthy relationships, and how to set boundaries within relationships. This article also has relevant and informational resources such as The Coast Guard’s Family Advocacy Program, which offers a Family Advocacy Specialist that offers free and confidential support and counseling for all Coast Guard members. They also have other resources listed for active-duty members, reservists, civilian employees, and family members to seek help for any life stressors such as CG SUPRT, Coast Guard Legal Assistance, Coast Guard Chaplains, and the Coast Guard Mutual Assistance (CGMA) Safe Harbor Program. Overall, this article is beneficial and connects to the other resources because it tailors to resources for Coast Guard military members and affiliates and provides important information in finding points of contact for each resource. They also include ways to report domestic abuse and highlight the importance of these resources to maintain mission readiness.

BEHS 453 7381 Domestic Violence Powers, R. A., Moule, R. K., Dodge, C. E., & Boggess, L. N. (2020). Structuring the invisible war: Base and community influences on military sexual assault occurrence . American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 59 (2), 204- 2010 . https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amepre.2020.03.003 Powers et al. (2020) explore the environmental factors associated with sexual assault and violence in the military. The reading is concerned with the significantly high cases of sexual assault in the US, noting that there were 6,769 reported cases of military sexual assault in 2017 alone. Powers et al. (2020) base their study on data from the “Sexual Assault Received at Military Installations and Combat Areas of Interest” 2017 report by the Sexual Assault Prevention and Response Office, Department of Defense’s Base Structure Reports from 2013 and 2013, and 5-year, American Community Survey estimates. It was found that the structure of the military installations and its community location. These observations provide insights into the forces that enhance the prevalence of sexual assault in the military. Such awareness can be the foundation for making appropriate adjustments in these areas, creating a healthier structure that helps to eradicate sexual assault in the military. This reading offers a contextual factor that can be used to understand and address sexual assault in the military.

BEHS 453 7381 Domestic Violence SHARP: I Was Sexually Assaulted. (n.d.). Www.armyresilience.army.mil . Retrieved November 12, 2023, from https://www.armyresilience.army.mil/sharp/pages/assaulted.html#:~:text=An %20unrestricted%20report%20will%20prompt This source is derived from an Army website which provided the differences between filing an unrestricted and restricted report after an assault has occurred. It provides information based on what resource victims are entitled to based on how they choose to report. The main differences between restricted and unrestricted reporting are that one will initiate an investigation and members are afforded command support and the use of military protective orders/ no contact orders if necessary. If a military member files a restricted report, they have the option to then at any time switch to an unrestricted report which would initiate an investigation. On the other hand, once a member files an unrestricted report they do not have the ability to then decide they want it to be a restricted report. Lastly, if law enforcement is made away of the allegations from a third party that takes away the ability for the individual to make a restricted report. Ultimately, this choice is up to the military members on what type of reporting they want to initiate and what decision will be best for them in the end.

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BEHS 453 7381 Domestic Violence Shewmaker, P.D., Shewmaker, S. P. (2016). Domestic Violence and the Military. Journal of the American Academy of Matrimonial Lawyers 28 (2). 553-562 According to Shewmaker (2016), their objective is to discuss and reveal the issues of domestic violence in the military and within miliary families. The data collected in the Army Central Registry study provides analysis on active-duty female victimization rates. The findings conclude there are proportionately higher rates of violence of civilian females married to active- duty males, but higher rates of active-duty females married to civilian males (Shewmaker, 2016). Studies show 30% of military women reported experiencing some type of physical and sexual assault. Commanders do have authority to punish servicemembers, but obviously the Commanders do not have authority over civilian abusers (Shewmaker, 2016). There are consequences outlined in the Uniform Code of Military Justice (UCMJ) with punishments that can include confinement, reduction in pay, and/or discharge (Shewmaker, 2016). There are advocacy programs with the objective of promoting public awareness within the military community enforced by the Department of Defense Directive (Shewmaker, 2016). The advocacy programs also include assistance to military families through counseling, domestic violence prevention and education (Shewmaker, 2016).

BEHS 453 7381 Domestic Violence United States Air Force Victims’ Counsel. (n.d.). Retrieved November 12, 2023, from https://www.jba.af.mil/Portals/38/images/About-Us/Resilient-Community/SAPR %20VC%20Office%20Poster.pdf?ver=BrEVNghPYPwwYZK_wryXSQ%3d%3d This source is a PDF poster advertisement with the information about the Air Forces Victims’ Counsel (VC) program for the National Capital Regional. This office serves all the surrounding bases in Maryland, Washington D.C., and Virginia. The poster has two photos, one of the attorney and the other is the paralegal who assists the attorney. The one-page poster explains what an Air Forces Victims’ Counsel can do for their clients. It explains how they are there to advocate for their clients, protect client’s rights, and lastly represent their clients during interviews, hearings, and military trials. Victims’ Counsel can help victims of sexual assault and domestic violence. If an individual meets the requirements to have a VC this service is free to the military member. This is free confidential legal representation strictly provided to victims of sexual assault or domestic violence. This is a service that is available and accessible at every Air Force Base nationwide. United States Coast Guard. (2021, June 16). Sexual Assault in the U.S. Coast Guard (FY 2020). Report to Congress.

BEHS 453 7381 Domestic Violence chrome-extension://efaidnbmnnnibpcajpcglclefindmkaj/https://www.dcms.uscg.mil/ Portals/10/Sexual%20Assault%20in%20the%20U_S_%20Coast%20Guard%20%28FY %202020%29.pdf This is the report to congress on sexual assault in the U.S. Coast Guard for fiscal year 2020 sent by the U.S. Coast Guard’s admiral, Karl L. Schultz. This report reiterates the Coast Guard’s commitment to sustaining an effective and responsive sexual assault program to better support victims. The Coast Guard’s SAPPR program has five goals: to have a zero-tolerance culture for behaviors that enable sexual assault and sexual harassment, prevention, response support, accountability by thorough investigations and prosecution, and recovery for victims. This report is relevant to the other resources because it has pertinent information regarding what the data reports for sexual assault and sexual harassment were in the Coast Guard as well as their plan of action on how to be a more efficient SAPPR program, which would greatly benefit all Coast Guard members and affiliates.

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BEHS Annotated Bibliography_Group 1

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