divorce and its effects on education-kennedy-embry

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Apr 3, 2024

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Jennifer Kennedy-Embry Into to Sociology Professor Malhotra May 20, 2023 1. How might divorce impact children’s academic achievements? 2. The CDC reports an approximate 35 percent national divorce rate in 2021 (cdc.gov). World Psychiatry reports that approximately 60 percent of children live with their married biological parents (NCBI,2019). Even though the divorce rate has declined over the past few years, this is still considered a common event in US homes. The National Library of Medicine reports that the findings from previous studies have had inconsistent conclusions on whether divorce is a negative factor (NCBI,2020). When doing these studies, there are many attributing factors that could change the outcome other than just divorce for children. You can find empirical evidence throughout the internet to support both sides of this data. 3. When trying to decide if divorce is a factor in a child’s academic achievements you must look and both individual and broader institutional factors. An individual factor can include emotional distress. The impact of emotional distress can be negatively affected by a divorce which is bitter and ugly. On the other hand, some parents are able to co-parent with the ability to decrease the emotional distress of the children. A broader institutional factor that can affect emotional distress is the socioeconomics of the child’s community. For instance, alcohol can influence the bitterness of a divorce. In a low-income community, you are more likely to see liquor stores more frequently. According to a study done by Alcohol Research, “ The alcohol industry uses complex targeted marketing strategies that focus on African Americans, Latinos, and American Indians, among other demographic groups, such as youth and other ethnic minorities,”(NCBI,2016). This type of advertisement can influence the norm of the community. Another individual factor can be the age of the child during the divorce. The younger the child is the less time they have had to adapt to a certain way of life versus a child that has had a 2 biological parent home until their teens. The stress of teen life accompanied by a dramatic home change like divorce can drastically impair a teen child in multiple ways. Feelings of sadness, anger, and anxiety can be very disruptive to their ability to focus at school or on other tasks. A broader institutional factor that can impair or improve this life-changing event is access to mental health care. Some smaller towns may not have the appropriate mental healthcare available like larger cities. Some parents, now in single-parent homes, may encounter a lack of funds or manpower to travel to the needed mental healthcare. Individual parent-child relationships can be a determining factor of the effects of divorce on a child’s academic achievements. The ability of the child to have a strong supportive parent is crucial to a solid foundation for growth and learning. A Responsive, caring, and helpful parent is a valuable asset to the success of children. Sometimes uncontrollable factors like low-income households will cause parents to be absent from the home to work and provide for the children. 4. Kids Turn Education is an organization that works with children of divorced or getting divorced parents( https://www.childrenshomeandaid.org/parenting/kids-turn/welcome- kids-turn/ ). Their mission is to eliminate the causes of at-risk behavior derived from divorce. They offer counseling, childcare, child welfare, early childhood education, and

parenting classes. All of these resources are set in place to reduce the risk of detrimental effects on children including the negative impacts on their academic achievements.  A social improvement that can be implemented is free early childhood education as well as free tutoring facilities. Yes, these are offered to low-income families but are not always accessible due to being full or no transportation. This does not target all children though. Some middle-class families cannot afford the help or education. Some higher-level income families can afford it but do not have the ability to make sure the children have the appropriate transportation to and from. There are obstacles at all levels of communities. There is not any reason that a child should not have access to improving or maintaining education. If we made these facilities as accessible as the liquor stores we would see fewer children missing the opportunities for help. Institute of Education Sciences reported, “ Almost half of the public schools providing high-dosage tutoring reported that a lack of funding to hire staff limited their efforts in providing this type of tutoring.” (IES,2022). 5. Norway has done more in-depth studies than the US. Based on their studies they do conclude that divorce negatively affects children’s academic achievements (PLOS,2019). “ The link between parental divorce and academic achievement is well documented in Norway; divorce has been associated with having more problems in school, lower GPA, and lower probability of completing higher secondary education.”(POLS,2016). While the US lacks in evidence from the studies of the effects of divorce on academic achievements, both countries have and are trying to implement welfare help to resolve some of this issue.

WEBSITES https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/nvss/marriage-divorce.htm https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7055798/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6313686/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4872611/ https://ies.ed.gov/schoolsurvey/spp/ https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0229183

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BIBLIOGRAPHY https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/nvss/marriage-divorce.htm Nilsen SA, Breivik K, Wold B, et al. Divorce and adolescent academic achievement: Heterogeneity in the associations by parental education. PLoS One . 2020;15(3):e0229183. Published 2020 Mar 4. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0229183 D'Onofrio B, Emery R. Parental divorce or separation and children's mental health. World Psychiatry . 2019;18(1):100-101. doi:10.1002/wps.20590 Sudhinaraset M, Wigglesworth C, Takeuchi DT. Social and Cultural Contexts of Alcohol Use: Influences in a Social-Ecological Framework. Alcohol Res . 2016;38(1):35-45. https://ies.ed.gov/schoolsurvey/spp/ Citation: Nilsen SA, Breivik K, Wold B, Askeland KG, Sivertsen B, Hysing M, et al. (2020) Divorce and adolescent academic achievement: Heterogeneity in the associations by parental education. PLoS ONE 15(3): e0229183. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0229183

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