Summarize what the textbook says about the relationship between personal change and social change

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Sociology

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Feb 20, 2024

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1. Summarize what the textbook says about the relationship between personal change and social change. The textbook says that the relationship between personal change and social change is interconnected. Social change is the collective generalization of everyone’s personal change. Changing a well-established social dynamic involves changing the longstanding roles in the social dynamics (personal change). 2. The change in the modern era discussed in the textbook is the "development of capitalism." Explain the importance of capitalism in the development of modern society as it is presented in the textbook. Capitalism is described in the textbook as the modernization and acceleration of social change because it would introduce and exemplify the value of mercantilism. This new way of accruing power and value would pave the way for innovation, which revolutionized society. The second "master process" of social change in the modern era discussed in the textbook is the "formation of powerful, connected national states." Explain the importance of the formation of such states in the development of modern society as it is presented in the textbook. By establishing a powerful connected national state societies were able to unify and integrate individuals in a society into a collective cohesive machine. This would also align people’s interest with the wellbeing of the nation. This was a social change that allowed for never-before-seen centralized power and influence for a national state. 4. Summarize what is said in the text about how the global population has grown in modern times and the significance of this growth to modern social change. The textbook describes global population has booming in the past two centuries. This was due to the quality of life improving. As of more recently the average kids born to a woman has fell by more than half and has led to a steadier increase. This is significant to social change because the consequences of a larger global population are reduced resources and the fear of overcrowding. This disincentivized the previous belief of having as many children as possible. Chapter 2 (only pp. 62-74) 5. Explain the concept of a generation and illustrate with an example. The concept of generations is a way of identifying groups of people who experienced the same historical events together. Specifically young adulthood of each generation would serve as the most impactful moment to impress the values and personal change of historical events. An example of a generation is the War Babies born during World

War 2 . Growing up in a time of war and uncertainty would instill values like patriotism and a strong work ethic. 6. Explain what a birth cohort is and how it differs from a generation. Provide an illustrative example. A birth cohort is a way of separating groups of people by how old they are. A birth cohort is different from a generation because it refers to a set period instead of an event. Using War Babies this would be anyone born between 1940-1945. Scientist view this as a better classification because the age at which an individual experiences an event determines how much they are affected. 7. Explain what the book calls "age effects," using an example. The book describes age effects as physiological or psychological changes that an individual will go through depending on their age. An example is the psychological hurdle of accepting your body aging. This can be through buying skin care products or not being able to exercise as intensely. 8. Explain what the book calls "period effects," using an example. The textbook describes period effects as the implicit importance of adolescence on the formation of values. An example is how my generation (I’m 23) are much more likely to embrace technology than the previous generation due to the early exposure in our lives.

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