PSC7101 Week 13 Application Analysis And the Data Says

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Feb 20, 2024

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1 Week 13 Application Analysis: And the Data Says... Mario Buonopane College of Social & Behavioral Sciences, Wilmington University PSC7101 Human Development & Prevention Science Dr. Kecia L. Watson, Ph.D., M.S, CFLE, CPC November 26, 2023

2 What do the databases associated with mental health, substance use, and physical health indicate about the behavioral health of adults during their mid-life? Rates of Substance Abuse: According to studies, approximately 22% of the US population had used “illicit drugs” in 2021. 9,2 Million had abused opiates, 46.3 million qualified as having substance abuse disorder, and 94% of those individuals did not receive treatment – mostly because of a failure to accept that they needed help. (Substance, 2023b) There have been over 700,000 drug-associated overdose deaths in America since 2000. Nearly a quarter of all individuals with drug disorders abuse opioids. Statistically, slightly more males than females abused drugs, according to the findings, 22% of all males and 17% of all females, and, geographically, many more individuals from urban areas (20%) had abused drugs compared to only 5% from non-metropolitan areas. (Substance, 2023) Slightly more veterans struggle with drug abuse than others in the general population: 7% compared to 5.3%. Similarly, members of the LGBTQ+ population measured similarly to veterans at 7%, suggesting the failure to fit in prompted drug abuse. (Substance, 2023) Younger people are more likely to use drugs, but the number of middle adults abusing drugs is increasing faster than other groups. (Substance, 2023) Rates of abuse are highest amongst Native Americans and Alaskan Natives – 12.8%, followed by Whites – 7.7%, African Americans – 6.8%, and Hispanics – 6.6%. Lowest rates were found among Native Hawaiians, 4.6%, and Asian-Americans, 3.8%. These numbers do not surprise me.

3 I would prioritize intervention at earlier ages and amongst Native Americans first. Because most of the drug abuse noted spawned from a normalization of recreational marijuana use, I’d start a campaign of awareness – especially in low-economic areas. Suicide Rates: Suicide rates in America remained somewhat unchanged, with only a 2.6% rise from 2021 to 2022, but nearly 50,000 suicides had been recorded in that period. The highest increase in suicide rates, offsetting the decline of 6.1% in Native American rates, was the rise in Native Hawaiian or Pacific Islander rates, which rose 15.9%. (Centers, 2023c) Overwhelmingly, White males are fare more likely to commit suicide than any other group; for example, only 19,000 or so females committed suicide in the same period as over 70,000 males had; over 70,000 Whites had committed suicide in the same period that only 8,000 African-Americans had – or 9,000 Hispanics, 3000 Asians. Adults, 25-44 and 45-64 were similarly higher in likeliness to commit suicide than individuals of other age brackets. According to the study, “Some groups have disproportionately high rates of suicide. The racial/ethnic groups with the highest rates in 2021 were non-Hispanic American Indian and Alaska Native people and non-Hispanic White people,” (Centers, 2023c). Still, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, CDC, illustrates a disparity amongst individual’s likeliness to commit suicide based on geographic situations. Starkly different from Drug abuse numbers, members who live in urban areas are far less likely to commit suicide than those who live in non-metro areas. Large-central metropolitan suicide rates

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4 are 11.6 per 100,000 as opposed to non-metro numbers which are 21.7 per 100,000. (Centers, 2023b) Therefore, White males in non-urban centers are more likely than any other group to commit suicide. I was surprised to find these numbers higher outside of metropolitan areas. I would prioritize creating programs and awareness campaigns to service those in rural communities who may have limited access to services. Rates of Depression: According to a Gallup study, adults indicating they had been diagnosed with clinical depression rose from 2015 to 2023 by ten points to 29%, reaching a staggering new high. (Witters, 2023) Parallelly, Americans being treated for clinical depression also rose – by nearly 18%, up 7 points from 2015. Women are nearly twice as likely to report being diagnosed with clinical depression than men, which is a trending disparity over the last few years. Moreover, age groups 18-29 and 30- 44 have “significantly greater” depression numbers than individuals from other age brackets. Historically, White respondents had reported higher depression rates, but those numbers were surpassed by African-Americans and Hispanics. The study blames, at least in part, “ Social isolation, loneliness, fear of infection, psychological exhaustion,” (Witters, 2023). The CDC reports depression, geographically, to be higher in some areas than others. (Centers, 2023b) There was a correlation between socio-economics and rates of depression, and

5 those correlations equate to geographic likeliness. For example, places with higher poverty and lower education rates tended to have higher incidence rates of clinical depression. “ most of the states with the highest prevalence were in the Appalachian* and southern Mississippi Valley † regions,” (Centers, 2023b). As compared to Hawaii, with 12.7% depression rates, West Virginia numbered as 27.5%. “ Low socio-economic status (SES) has been found to be associated with a higher prevalence of depression,” (Freeman et al., 2016). Therefore, females, 18-44, in low-income areas tended to have higher incidence rates of clinical depression. This makes sense. However, the rise in Hispanic/Latinx numbers surprised me. I think a campaign, in Spanish wherever available, could help the Hispanic communities who are suffering the most. Furthermore, I would add depression awareness to Social-Emotional Classes (SEL) in schools to prevent this issue and spread awareness at the adolescent and young adult ages. This campaign should be culturally-sensitive.

6 References: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2023, May 9). Disparities in suicide . Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. https://www.cdc.gov/suicide/facts/disparities-in- suicide.html#:~:text=Suicide%20rates%20differ%20based%20on%20where%20you %20live&text=Large%20central%20metropolitan%3A%2011.6%20per,Small%20metro %3A%2017.8%20per%20100%2C000 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2023b, June 15). National, state-level, and county- level prevalence estimates of adults aged ≥18 years self-reporting a lifetime diagnosis of Depression - United States, 2020 . Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/72/wr/mm7224a1.htm#:~:text=Among%20states %2C%20the%20age%2Dstandardized,southern%20Mississippi%20Valley %E2%80%A0%20regions. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2023c, August 10). Suicide data and statistics . Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. https://www.cdc.gov/suicide/suicide-data- statistics.html Freeman, A., Tyrovolas, S., Koyanagi, A., Chatterji, S., Leonardi, M., Ayuso-Mateos, J. L., Tobiasz-Adamczyk, B., Koskinen, S., Rummel-Kluge, C., & Haro, J. M. (2016, October 19). The role of socio-economic status in depression: Results from the Courage (Aging Survey in Europe) . BMC public health. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5069819/#:~:text=Low%20socio %2Deconomic%20status%20(SES,a%20higher%20prevalence%20of%20depression.

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7 Substance abuse and addiction statistics [2023] . NCDAS. (2023, January 1). https://drugabusestatistics.org/ Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA). (2023b, January 4). Samhsa announces National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH) results detailing mental illness and substance use levels in 2021 . HHS.gov. https://www.hhs.gov/about/news/2023/01/04/samhsa-announces-national-survey-drug-use- health-results-detailing-mental-illness-substance-use-levels-2021.html Witters, D. (2023, September 14). U.S. depression rates reach new highs . Gallup.com. https://news.gallup.com/poll/505745/depression-rates-reach-new-highs.aspx

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