Week 4 Discussion 1 and responces

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Northwestern University *

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2003

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Sociology

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Feb 20, 2024

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Week 4 Discussion 1: Challenges for African Americans 13 Unread replies 50 Replies Given the persistence of racism specifically directed at African Americans in U.S. society and its historical backdrop of slavery, describe psychological challenges African Americans face. What mechanisms of resilience and coping have these communities developed in response? Select any psychological service consistent with your program specialization, and comment on how these events might affect providing psychological services to African American clients. Response Guidelines Review the posts of your peers and respond to at least two. If possible, respond to peers who selected a similar psychological service and compare and contrast these responses to your own. Given the persistence of racism specifically directed at African Americans in U.S. society and its historical backdrop of slavery, describe psychological challenges African Americans face. When considering the psychological challenges African Americans face given the persistence of racism within a societal context, research suggests that the adult Black community is 20% more likely to experience serious mental health problems, co-occurring disorders, higher incidences of depression and social anxiety, and lower levels of self-esteem/life satisfaction due to persistent perception of racial discrimination within their communities culture and social economic standings which leads to African-Americans who are suffering from mental health issues often fail to seek mental health services is there is a perception of automatic bias between themselves and therapists/service providers (Sue & Sue, 2016). What mechanisms of resilience and coping have these communities developed in response? Some of the resilience and coping mechanisms of African-Americans are their community, ethnic and racial pride, cultural identity, religion, and the ability of the family system to extend beyond blood relatives, allowing the resourcefulness and flexibility of family-oriented roles to achieve stability and support resources outside of traditional mental health services to address psychological well-being, self-acceptance, and the ability of community as a means to rally together to combat racism and stereotypical role identification that facilitate feelings of lower self-worth. This gathering of the community as a strength allows individuals within their community to solidify their identification of self, culture, and group strength, which helps to mediate feelings of an overwhelming presence of bias by other races (Harris et al., 2007). Select any psychological service consistent with your program specialization, and comment on how these events might affect providing psychological services to African American clients.

As a clinical psychologist implementing therapeutic interventions with African-American clients, my approach would be from a humanistic and client-centered methodology to foster trust, understanding, and cultural awareness of differences between myself as a white male therapist and a black client. Rapport and trust take time, and identifying in an honest, inquisitive, nondirective manner allows for understanding the client's need and gives the client the opportunity for self-disclosure within their own timeframe, as initially, African-American clients may be hesitant to be forthcoming with mental health, family, or personal issues before a level of trust and rebalancing of the perceived power dynamic between therapist and client is established appropriately (Harris et al., 2007). Allowing the clients to become comfortable with a therapist of a different race requires my ability as a clinician to impart cultural awareness, but also to discuss openly cultural differences that may not be fully understood and allow that lack of initial cultural knowledge to be developed together between the therapist and clients. In this way, the client is able to resolve perceptions of differences and possibly mediate initial biases of seeing a therapist of a different race. References: Harris, B. A., Valrie, C. R., Kurtz, C. B., & Rowley, S. J. (2007). Perceived Racial Discrimination and Self-Esteem in African American Youth: Racial Socialization as a Protective Factor. Journal of Research on Adolescence (Wiley-Blackwell), 17(4), 669–682. https://doi- org.library.capella.edu/10.1111/j.1532-7795.2007.00540.x Sue, D. W., & Sue, D. (2016). Counseling the culturally diverse: Theory and practice (7th ed.). Wiley. Breanna Curiel FridayFeb 2 at 9:19pm Manage Discussion Entry Given the persistence of racism specifically directed at African Americans in U.S. society and its historical backdrop of slavery, describe psychological challenges African Americans face. Racism and discrimination, according to Sue and Sue (2016) or a significant concern in the African American community. Racism and discrimination that have been reflected in discriminatory laws, actions, and practices through history of the United States. It is evident that African Americans/blacks are racially profiled by law enforcement. There have been numerous cruelty acts that have resulted in injury and or death. According to Sue and sue (2016) African Americans are typically associated with crime and harsh punishments. What mechanisms of resilience and coping have these developed in response? Select any psychological service consistent with your

program specialization, and comment on how these events might affect providing psychological services to African American clients. According to Sue and Sue (2016) African Americans have developed string bonds with extended family, friends, and community. In addition, spirituality and religion play a crucial role in African Americans families. Further, support systems, flexible family roles, and achievement orientation is a strong factor in African Americans according to Sue and Sue (2016). As a current AMFT, I have a diverse caseload. I have worked with many African American clients. I have found myself in challenging situations. In addiction treatment, our census is typical white and Hispanics. I have found my African Americans clients to present with issues of prejudice and racism. I use validation and client centered therapy to treat clients when prejudice concerns. Sue, D. W., & Sue, D. (2015). Counseling the culturally diverse : Theory and practice . John Wiley & Sons, Incorporated. Breanna, I enjoyed your post and agreed with you that it can be challenging to work with clients of a different race. Being able to understand and identify differences in an honest and balanced role dynamic is not always easy in the initial engagements. I have found that being open to having discussions pertaining to these differences, often allows for the client and therapist to learn how to trust and work together despite those differences in race, culture, and perceptions of bias. I am curious: Do you have any methods that you utilize to validate client differences to provide a more balanced role dynamic between a client and therapist? Again, good post. Best, John S. Vanessa Williams ThursdayFeb 1 at 10:34pm Manage Discussion Entry Hello, According to authors Sue & Sue, African Americans in the U.S. face many psychological challenges. Many of the psychological changes are rooted in slavery, and how they are constantly treated like second class citizens despite slavery being over. African Americans are made out to be “paranoid” or acting “suspicious” when being pulled over or stopped by police, but in all actuality, they’re terrified that it’ll be the final moments of their life after different known victims being brutality murdered for no reason at all. African Americans are portrayed as violent, aggressive, and criminals without ever being given a fair chance to be known for who they are first. Unfortunately,

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it’s assumed the worst, ask questions later. The mechanisms of resilience and coping these communities have developed in response to these things is developing a strong black identity, they focus on human values, increase positive feelings about self and pride in one’s culture (Sue & Sue, 2016). It’s devastating because the burden African Americans carry solely because of the color of their skin, and they suffer often in silence or turn to self- destructive behaviors. I believe African Americans are starting to see more that their mental health is something they do need to prioritize, but how can they trust someone that doesn’t know this pain or have this lived experience if their therapist or counselor doesn’t look like them? How do they trust they’re getting help to be their best selves versus being further labeled as something they may not identify with? Sue, D. W., & Sue, D. (2016). Counseling the culturally diverse: Theory and practice (7th ed.). Wiley. Vanessa, I enjoyed your post and agree with you that it is often difficult for African Americans to prioritize mental health when there is an overwhelming perception of bias that exists in mental health services, especially when their therapist, as you said, does not look like themselves. Personally, when I work with black clients, I use a client-centered humanistic approach to understand individual needs while fostering ongoing discussions between the racial and cultural differences that exist in order to help balance the role dynamic between therapists and clients of different races. However, this takes time and an ever-ongoing evaluation of self, potential bias, and cultural awareness. I am curious: Have you found any methodologies or approaches that assist you in opening honest discussions regarding cultural/racial differences? Again, good post. Best, John S.

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