Review Questions Unit 8

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Review Questions #1 1. From the lecture, who came up with the idea of "mind-forged manacles" and why is it important? During the lecture, William Blake, an 18 th Century English Poet, was quoted having utilized the phrase “mind- forged manacles.” It is important as it was utilized to raise consciousness and to confront and criticize sources of inequality and inferiority. 2. Identify and describe three ways that liberation ideologies correct for internal restrictions. Three ways that liberation ideologies correct internal restrictions are intended to break the grip of the controlling or oppressive group and enlighten the oppressed group. One is fixing the “mind-forged manacles” by raising consciousness and develop internal community and shared experience based conversations. A second way is the development of affirmative culture or positive views of the group through art. The 3 rd way is non-violent protests or civil disobedience were the oppressed group refuse to confirm to oppressive cultural norms or speak against the oppressive group. 3. Using the examples of affirmative culture in the lecture as a guide, give your own example of a movie, song, or other cultural work that seeks to change dominant understandings of a historically oppressed group. The movie that comes to mind in the moment that uses purposeful positive affirmation to change oppressive views is the Disney movie Mulan. Mulan highlights the oppressive social norm of ancient Chinese social expectations of women and the true natural ability for a woman to exist outside this expectation. These oppressive beliefs of a woman’s “natural place” still exists today despite women from around the globe in almost all cultures proving there is not natural place but that women can succeed in whatever state they place themselves throughout a culture or society. 4. From the lecture on the four functions, describe the program for liberation ideologies. What is the main disagreement about program and why does it matter? From the lecture, the programmatic function of liberation ideologies is to end the perceived oppression of the group. The main disagreement about this program is rather to focus on formal legal changes to their current society or to circumvent the legal or cultural authority all together and establish a self-efficient free standing society sometimes through violent means, if necessary. 5. Describe the two main variants of black liberation ideologies. The two main variants of black liberation ideologies are black integrationists or assimilationists and black separatists or nationalist. The first focuses on the assimilation style program of liberation ideology, they believe in cultivating a singular culture through integration and legal reform with many other cultures most namely, whites. The second variant focuses on the identification and mass acceptance of black individuality and black culture drawing a separate state entirely or as a modern slogan states, segregation by choice not law. 6. Identify the two historical figures associated with these variants. The two historical figures associated with these variants are Dr. Martin L. King Jr, whose pastoral teachings are of assimilation and integration, and Malcom X, who focuses more on the need for physical resistance to white culture and the expressed identification and acceptance of black culture. 7. Using the material from the lecture, the textbook, or the videos to support your answer, which variant do you think is better?

Referencing only the material from the course, I believe that the assimilation variant produces the most results to overcoming racial inequality. It is evident, though, that the threat of violence or radial change from the black nationalists or separatists within American society has fueled the acceptance of the integration objectives. This is why President Obama was able to separate himself from the civil rights movement leads and find success in his campaign. While NAACP voices were volatile and disruptive, President Obama’s campaign was mindful and inclusive of both black and white political interests. While both, the civic minded and the politically minded wanted change, they approached it from different positions and with different voices. So, because both movements had existed simultaneously and seemingly contributed equally to the shared resulting, albeit slow, reformation of both internal and external barriers, it wouldn’t be prudent to attribute either with the distinction of being “better.” Review Questions #2 1. From the lecture, how many main variants of feminism are there and what are they called? In the lecture we discuss 3 variants of Feminism. They are called “waves.” 2. Describe liberal feminists. Liberal Feminists are described as individuals who seek equality of opportunity and see their obstacles as patriarchal ideological social barriers or laws. 3. What do liberal feminists focus on? What waves are they in? Name two liberal feminists. Liberal feminists focus on the removal of objective or subjective social policies and laws that place men, in some sense, in control of women or their lives or otherwise oppress. They focus on voting rights, education standards and other legal processes. They are in both the 1 st and 2 nd wave of feminists. Two Liberal Feminists are Susan B. Anthony and Betty Freidan. 4. Describe radical feminists, paying attention to how they are different from liberal feminists. Identify two radical feminists. Radical feminist, in contrast to liberal feminists, believe women are not the same as men, however, still deserve equal opportunities. They view societal norms as male dominant, and that social cultural change needs to be made vice just legal polices. Radical femininity seems strongest in opposing rape and “rape culture.” Two Radical Feminist are Catherine MacKinnon and Shulamith Firestone. 5. From the lecture, describe third wave feminists. Third wave feminists are considered “big tent” feminism. They are more expansive and inclusive in their approach. More diverse and open to the conversations about intersectionality. Less scolding in nature, 3 rd wave allows for a more “fun” approach to stereotypes. 6. From the lecture, why did Jennet refer to the film Legally Blonde? In the lecture the film Legally Blonde is referencing giving not to the conceptualization of a stereotypical blond, white woman overcoming being “air headed” to achieve professional distinction in the practice of law. Jennet points out that 3 rd wave feminists are more open to laughing at the stereotype and embarrassing some truths in it, without allowing it to define a woman or her place in life.

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