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Module Four Short Paper Monique Hanson-Randolph Southern New Hampshire University PSY 200: Foundations of Addictions Professor Catherine Dryden September 24, 2023

Identify Client The client identified is HC, a 16-year-old Korean male adolescent who has been living in the United States for 4 years with his mother and brother. His profession is being a student in the United States. HC was referred by his mother due to his negative attitude, depression, and overuse of the internet (Eun Jin Lee 2011). After moving from Korea and coming to the United States HC had a difficult time speaking English which made him withdraw from his friends. He started playing internet games at the age of 7 and the time he spent on the game increased quickly once he moved to the United States because he had a lot of alone time. “Process addictions are like substance addictions in that the individual is unable to stop or cut down on the behavior even though negative outcomes are occurring (Caron Staff).” In this case HC has a process addiction because it was stated that he spends 3-5 hours playing the game on weekdays and 13 hours on weekends and he then said that it was difficult to control this behavior especially on weekends (Eun Jin Lee 2011). Assessment HC realizes that he excessively uses the game and is willing to do counseling. He admitted to his internet usage being long hours at a time. His family is supportive of him getting help with his addiction his mother is the one that made the referral for him to get help and as time went on, she started playing golf with him to help keep him off the game. When his father came to visit him from Korea, he asked HC to do something together which I believe is supportive because he’s trying to get him off of the game. At the same time though his family could be seen as unsupportive and enabling because they allow him to continue to play the game and haven’t taken it from him and they also allow him to have a lot of alone time instead

making him do something productive with his time. The client doesn’t hang with anyone he withdrew from the friends that he did have because he didn’t speak good English. HC doesn’t work so no he isn’t working for a company where gaming addiction is encouraged. In beginning HC was all for getting help with his addiction and seemed to be motivated but as time progressed, he started to fall into old habits. He eventually quit going to therapy, but his mother stated in a follow-up that his time on the game has reduced so I do believe that there is hope for him. Addiction Information Research on gaming addiction goes back all the way to 1983. In the 1980’s the arcade was the place to be at the time the most popular games were Asteroids, Galaxian, and Space Invaders along with Pac Man and Donkey Kong (Amit Asskoumi 2022). The first reports of video game addiction were recorded in the 1980’s and there were 3 cases of a “Space Invaders Obsession” which is what researchers at the time described this experience as “computer catatonia” and was possibly the first case of video game addiction (Amit Asskoumi 2022). In the 1990’s there was an increase in the investigations of the concern for video game addiction. These investigations were more focused on in home or handheld consoles and pc games rather than arcade machines. At this time mostly all studies on gaming addictions took place in the United Kingdom by surveying students in a school setting. The first empirical study was published by Shotton based off self-reports of young male players who said that they were “hooked” to their games (Daria J Kuss 2013). The earlier studies of internet gaming addiction weren’t successful due to lack of standardized psychometric instruments that are needed for evaluating this addiction (Daria J Kuss 2013). Research shows that self-reports correspond with

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standardized measures. Following that studies show that gaming addiction was based on the criteria for gambling addiction from the DSM. There are many similarities between gambling and gaming addiction, but they are two different behaviors and that’s why they have their own criteria. When the 2000’s approached gaming had expanded so much that it was difficult to monitor like companies would do decades ago due to gaming was now focused on online which allowed people to be a part of the gaming from their homes. As the industry continued to develop so did the interest in gaming addiction with over 60 studies being published all which targeted children, adolescents, students, and just a handful of adults (Amit Asskoumi 2022). The criteria to assess findings for gaming addiction were mostly based on an earlier version of video game addiction that was found in the DSM-IV which is good news. Bad news though is that these finding will only be from the younger generation and children with this addiction. “Neuroimaging carried out in later studies found that video game addiction shares molecular, neurocircuitry and behavioral similarities with other substance dependencies and addictions (Amit Asskoumi 2022).” Gaming addiction shares many biological and behavioral patterns like substance addiction which means the concept of video game addiction is a significant behavioral addiction (Amit Asskoumi 2022). Gaming addiction does have physiological affects which includes wrist, neck, and elbow pain, skin blisters, calluses, and sleep disorders. The long- term effect of this addiction could lead to obesity, weakness in the hands, and even blood clots (UnityPoint Health). Gaming addiction does have psychological effects and has been found to be related to personality traits that includes low self-esteem, low self-efficacy, attention problems, impulsivity, aggression, anxiety, and depression (Lin Sternlicht & Aaron Sternlicht). Results

Originally with the program that HC was doing he was supposed to complete 8 sessions originally, but he stopped his sessions after doing 5. While he was in counseling there was some improvements, but HC wasn’t doing his homework and didn’t keep his promise about reducing his gaming hours. There was a 2-month-follow-up and his mother stated that his gaming time did reduce since him and her started golfing together. In the beginning HC did respond well to the treat but as time went on, he started to become bored especially because his mother and brother wasn’t home in the evenings which led him to be by himself. I wouldn’t say that HC fully relapsed considering his mother did say that his gaming time has went down so there’s still some hope for him to make a full recovery.

References: Asskoumi , A. (2022, February 17). The history of video game addiction . The Mindful Gamer. https://themindfulgamer.com/the-history-of-video-game-addiction/ Kuss D. J. (2013). Internet gaming addiction: current perspectives. Psychology research and behavior management, 6, 125–137. https://doi.org/10.2147/PRBM.S39476 Lee, Eun Jin R.N., Ph.D., APRN1. A case study of Internet Game Addiction. Journal of Addictions Nursing 22(4):p 208-213, December 14, 2011. | DOI: 10.3109/10884602.2011.616609 Staff, C. (n.d.). What is a process addiction?. Caron Treatment Centers. https://www.caron.org/addiction-101/process-addictions/what-is-a-process-addiction Sternlicht, L., & Sternlicht, A. (n.d.). Video games, mental health, and addiction – the good, the bad, and the ugly. Video Games, Mental Health, and Addiction – The Good, The Bad, and The Ugly: Family Addiction Specialist: Addiction Counselor. https://www.familyaddictionspecialist.com/blog/video-games-mental-health-and- addiction-the-good-the-bad-and-the-ugly#:~:text=Video%20game%20addiction%20has %20been,aggression%2C%20anxiety%2C%20and%20depression. Video game addiction: Signs, effects and treatment. UnityPoint Health. (n.d.). https://www.unitypoint.org/news-and-articles/video-game-addiction-signs-effects-and-

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