Unit 8 Study Questions Spring 2019

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Week 8 Study Questions Crishtine A. Sundar The Chicago School of Professional Psychology AB 564-Behavior Assessment B Scott. Larson-McGuire June 3, 2022

Week 8 Study Questions 1. How does noncontingent reinforcement (NCR) decrease the occurrence of problem behavior? What are the benefits of using NCR? (2 pts) According to Lalli et al. (1997) NCR provides individuals with reinforcers indepdent of them engaging in the problem behavior that usually gets them the item. This in turn is able to diminish the response–reinforcer relation and decrease their motivation to display or engage in the problem behavior since they already have or will get what they want. The benefit here is consistent rates of reinforcement are able to be seen since again the behavior and reinforcer delivery are both independent of each other and time based which can also help to minimize and by all means avoid extinction bursts than if it was performance based. Lastly it has been widely researched that NCR is able to help mitigate problem behaviors that are maintained by either a social or automatic reinforcement. 2. How were the fixed-time schedules of the NCR procedure in Phase 2 determined? What were the initial intervals? How were they increased? (2 pts) The FT schedules were determined by the mean latency to the first problem behavior displayed during the FA for each of the participants. The initial interval for Donny was 90 seconds , but 120 seconds for Harry and Tony. Access to reinforcers were increased from 30 seconds to 5 minutes when Harry and Donny reached 600 seconds and Tony reached 720 seconds of FT interval. For Harry they were increased by 60 seconds, and Tony’s was 120 seconds all based on three consecutive sessions where there was no SIB displayed. Donny’s on the other hand was increased by 30 seconds or 60 seconds after two consecutive sessions without the display of aggression. 3. Briefly describe the NCR procedure used in Phase 2. (2 pts)

In this session the NCR schedule was tested based on how average latency to response could be effective in reducing rates of problem behavior. The therapist provided both tony and Donnie with the option to get a preferred item or walk for 30 seconds contingent upon that they play with other age appropriate toys before they are allowed to get the item.

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References Lalli, J. S., Casey, S. D., & Kates, K. (1997). Noncontingent reinforcement as treatment for severe problem behavior: Some procedural variations. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 30, 127-137.

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