Class 11 Instructions (1)

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Dec 6, 2023

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Class 11: Connecting Research Methods & Statistics Apply It Activity Learning Outcomes 1. Identify variables from real research examples 2. Identify scales of measurement used to measure variables from real research examples 3. Determine appropriate inferential statistics to use when analyzing data from real research examples Instructions for Students Read the summaries below which have been taken from published research articles. Answer the following four questions for each summary, ultimately guiding you through the process of choosing an inferential statistical technique to analyze the data. Use the flowcharts provided to choose a statistical approach based on the characteristics of the research design. Questions: 1. What are the main variables (or IV and DV if applicable) in the example? 2. What scale of measurement was used for each variable? 3. Are the researchers examining comparisons across groups or relationships among variables? - For comparisons across group – are comparisons made between-subjects or within- subjects? 4. Based on the provided decision-making charts, what inferential statistical analysis should the researcher use to analyze their data? Research Summaries: Study 1 (Dawtry, 2015) The authors of this study were interested in understanding if individuals’ personal wealth is related to their perceptions of the wealth of others. The researchers collected data from a sample of 305 participants using Amazon’s Mechanical Turk ; participants completed a set of questionnaires online. Specifically, participants reported their own household income as falling into one of 11 possible levels (0-15K; 15K – 30K; 30K – 45K; 45K – 60K; 60K – 75K; 75K – 90K; 90K – 105K; 105K – 120K; 120K – 135K; 135K – 150K; 150K+). Participants also identified what they believed the average annual household income to be for the entire US population using the same income scale. The researchers wanted to know if higher personal household income was related to a higher perception of the overall level of income for others. Study 2 (Colaco et al., 2023) Researchers wanted to understand the effectiveness of online tutorials for improving students’ attitudes toward statistical software. 273 undergraduate students enrolled in introductory statistics courses in psychology completed a knowledge test at the start of the semester regarding their ability to use statistical software; scores were recorded as number of correct answers on the test. The sample then

completed a set of three online tutorials introducing them to the statistical software, R. After completing the tutorials, students completed a knowledge test regarding their ability to use statistical software. Study 3 (Burt, 2007) A group of sports psychologists wanted to examine the effectiveness of two different strength-building workout regimes for women. The sample included 21 women who were randomly assigned across two groups -- 10 women trained once per week, and 11 trained twice per week. Both groups participated in their workout regime for a total of 8 weeks. Each session the participants attempt 6-10 leg presses until total muscle fatigue. After the 8-week training period the researchers compared participants ’ strength (i.e., # reps it took to reach muscle fatigue) in two ways: • First, were there gains in strength from the first session (week 1) to the final session (week 8), regardless of training condition? • Second, were the gains in strength larger for women in the second condition (training twice per week) compared to those in the first condition (training once per week)? References Burt, W. (2007). A comparison of once versus twice per week training on leg press strength in women. Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness , 47 (1), 13 – 17. Retrieved from https://thekeep.eiu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1015&context=kss_fac Colaco, C., Darking, S., Mar, R. A., & Martin, J. (2023). Using online tutorials to introduce psychology undergrads to R: Student experiences, knowledge, and attitudes. Scholarship of Teaching and Learning in Psychology. https://doi.org/10.1037/stl0000350 Dawtry, S. (2015). Why Wealthier People Think People Are Wealthier, and Why It Matters: From Social Sampling to Attitudes to Redistribution. Psychological Science, 26 (9), 1389 – 1400. https://doi.org/10.1177/0956797615586560

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