PSY 3200 LANGUAGE DEVELOPMENT

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CUNY Kingsborough Community College *

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3200

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Psychology

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Dec 6, 2023

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pdf

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Uploaded by DinaD09

Duhaney 1 Hodina Duhaney Professor C. Carielli PSY 3200 19 June 2023 Language Development In chapter 3 of Essentials of Life-Span Development by Santrock, it is discussed that the Broca and Wernicke located in the brain are responsible for the development and understanding of language. Located in the frontal lobe in the left hemisphere of the brain, Broca’s main functions include the production of words. In contrast, Wernicke's primitive objective involves language comprehension. Santrock (256). Distinct forms of interaction with infants help stimulate these parts of the brain causing progression in language acquisition. Santrock begins to expand on the diversity in language, more importantly telegraphic speech or in other words Two word utterances. These two word utterances are defined as “short precise words without grammatical markers” (254). Caregivers intentionally reinforce this behavior with full complete sentences in effort to develop language in children. This process is called recasting “when an adult rephrases something the child has said that might lack the appropriate morphology or contain some other error”(266). This process will increase the language development allowing the child to formulate sentences. Another way Santrock describes parents communicating with their baby is through parentese which is described as a “higher than usual pitch, slower tempo and exaggerated intonation, with simple words and sentences” (258). Parentese makes it easier for the baby to stay engaged during conversation that stimulates the two functions of the brain mentioned earlier, Broca and Wernicke. This dialect helps influence a child's understanding of facial expression, words and

Duhaney 2 meanings and how to enunciate them. Despite the difficulties a child endures with learning an entire language system at a young age, Santrock reiterates parents being a guide through learning language as opposed to an instructor forcing the progress. Environmental influence can also determine the direction of language development in children. Studies have shown that children who have more exposure to language through interactions have far more success with language acquisition. More seen in communities of high poverty; it is shown that there are subtle delays between language development in low income families than high income families. This means parents who don't have a professional career spend way less time speaking to their baby because of their own challenges. As discussed by Fitzgerald in the ted talk, language delays are not all about the contemporary challenges that are inevitable for people in a lower tax bracket; but the idea is that language and interaction begins much more earlier than we begin to realize. After watching the Ted Talk from Dr Brenda Fitzgerald she points out a few key points that I found to be important while looking at language development. Her first point that I took interest in was that “babies come into this world to learn the essence of language” (Fitzgerald 00:01:28- 00:01:38). This point suggests that babies are born hard wired to learn human language considering they have all of their biological tools at their disposal. In other words, in order to develop any other part of your brain, language plays as the most fundamental step of learning anything; which can range from certain skills, feelings and intellect. Babies obtain most of their information from caretakers, Fitzgerald suggests babies are also hard-wired to their parents. The still face experiment was able to justify her hypothesis. As the mother of the child transitioned from a cheery and playful behavior to a blank serious look, the child then expresses emotions of frustration.

Duhaney 3 This proves that they are able to respond to changes in behavior through interactiveness. On that note it is also suggested by Fitzgerald that language is simply the interaction between the parent and the child (Fitzgerald 00:07:10- 00:07:16). While on the topic of interaction she begins to emphasize the need for language nutrition and how interaction works alongside language nutrition. Interactions between the baby and caretaker improved language comprehension and speech, which trains them to be on the right track in school which eventually leads to graduation from high school and even grad school (Fitzgerald 00:10:46). Based on my interpretation, I can say all of the key points made intertwined with each other and go back to one main focus which is to talk to your baby, (Fitzgerald 00:21:43) as said in the final words of her Ted Talk.

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Duhaney 4 Works Cited Improving early child development with words. Youtube, Uploaded by TedX Talks 3, June 2014 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=y8qc8Aa3weE Santrock, John W.. Life-span development. Ed. 8 New York: McGraw-Hill, 2002.

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