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Roneé Gladden Daven Salmi PSY 328 Project One Milestone Template To begin your milestone, first select two personality theories from the left column of the following table that you think contrast in meaningful ways. Next, from the right column of the table, select three topics that you will use to contrast your theories. Complete this template by replacing the bracketed text with the relevant information. Personality Theories and Approaches Topics ● Humanistic psychology ● Psychoanalytic theory ● Neo-Freudian/object relations theor y ● Trait approach ● Biological perspective ● Motivation A. Scientific nature B. Nature versus nurture C. Origin of problems D. Pathology E. Free will F. Environmental influences G. Internal versus external stimu li 1. Identify which two theories or approaches you will compare and contrast and explain why you chose them. Your response should be about 2 to 4 sentences. • Each Personality Theory and Approach was unique and interesting in its own way, but the two I found most interesting and enjoyable are Neo-Freudian/Object relations theory and Biological Perspective. With each theory or approach, I did research on each to see which ones I already had more knowledge of, and which ones made more sense to analyze and explain. I chose Neo-Freudian/Object relations theory because it covers the basis for arguing that early childhood relationships are what have a strong influence on adult personality and the relationships we build versus Biological Perspective, which focuses more on genetics, heritable traits, thoughts, feelings, and behaviors from a biological standpoint instead of an environmental one. 2. Describe how your two chosen theories differ on 3 topics. See the details for topics A through G in the assignment guidelines and rubric document. Your response for each topic should be about 3 to 5 sentences.

• Topic 1 Nature versus nurture: • Do the theories you selected differ on the roles of nature versus nurture? Does one theory favor one role to a greater degree than the other? Or is one more neutral in regard to the role of nature and nurture? • The theories I selected both differ on the roles of nature versus nature. The Neo- Freudian/Object relations theory leans more towards Nurture. This theory is based on Freudian principles that emphasize the role of the unconscious and early experience and places more emphasis on interpersonal interaction. Stating that we develop and learn more from our environmental experiences and the people around us rather than biologically inheriting. The Biological Perspective focuses more on Nature as it relates more to genetics, traits, and what we inherit from our ancestors. Biological Perspective favors Nature more than Nurture because in a biological sense, its sole purpose is to rely heavily on biological aspects and roles, so it has no direct influence or relevance to nurture. • Topic 2 Free Will:  Do the theories you selected differ on the role of free will? Does one theory do a better job of conveying that people have free will to become the person they wish to be? • Yes, the Neo-Freudian/Object relations theory would believe that free will is a choice that is influenced by our environmental practices, something that can be shifted or modified depending on our circumstances. Meaning, we can play an active role and have choice in how we behave because we are in control of our schema. Biological Perspective

would arguably believe that free will is a form of a choice that is based off of biological factors; meaning we may not be fully in control of our actions and behaviors because biological factors that we inherited may be influencing our behavior and actions, meaning the choice may not necessarily be the choice we want to choose. Neither theory does a better job of conveying that people have free will to become the person they wish to be. They are both equally capable of explaining each side or perspective. • Topic 3 Environmental Influences  Do the theories you selected differ on the role of environmental influences? If both theories take environmental factors into consideration, how do they do so differently? • Yes, environmental influences have two sides. Internal and external. Neo- Freudian/Object relations theory differs from Biological Perspective because external factors are more at play here. Such as air pollution, smoking, substance abuse, exposure to toxins, upbringing, culture, life expectancies, etc. These factors can change humans' experiences and behaviors. While Biological Perspective deals with environmental influences on an internal level. Internal factors at play are hormones, neurological and physiological mechanisms, etc. These theories take environmental factors into consideration differently by using the internal versus external factors of environmental variables that contribute to the changes in humans experience and behaviors.

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3. Describe at least one similarity between your two selected theories. Your response should be about 3 to 5 sentences. • One similarity between Neo-Freudian/Object relations theory and Biological Perspective is that both deal with a human individual’s influence in their behavior, actions, or schema. Another similarity is that both, Biological Perspective and Neo-Freudian/Object relations theory need each other to coexist. They are both interconnected and you cannot use one without the other. References 1

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