Maha Haroon PSY5110 W10

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Dec 6, 2023

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Age, Religion & Sex: How to avoid Biases in a Workplace Maha Haroon Therapist/LCP LunasGoodwil

[Case Study Overview] After my session with my client, 25- year-old Jackson, I addressed to my peers with concerns about sex, religion, and gender, brought up in this session.

Cultural Differences Maha Jackson • Straight • Gay • Religious • Non-religious • Female • Male

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Relevant Biases A lot of white men do not respect their female equals and will not listen to what they have to say. Individuals who are religious are difficult and set in their ways, they will never get along. To improve my cultural competency and rid myself of my biases, I will need to continue with my education, immerse myself with a variety of clients, and learn from those that have been in my field for longer than I have.

Ethical Concerns (APA,2017)  Principle A: Beneficence and Nonmaleficence  • Principal E: Respect for People’s Rights and Dignity  • Ethical Standard 3.01 Unfair Discrimination  • Ethical Standard 3.03 Other Harassment  • Ethical Standard 3.04 Avoiding Harm

Utilitarianism Deontology • Prioritizes consequences • Prioritizes obligations • Everyone should be experiencing happiness • Universal • Fostering happiness • Impersonal Comparison of Utilitarianism & Deontology (Hooker, 2012; Carter, 2016)

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The Fisher Six-Step Decision Making Model (Fisher, 2023) Step 1: Identify the Problem or Dilemma - Jackson is apprehensive about accepting individuals with difference of belief Step 2: Understand and apply the APA’s Ethical Principles of Psychologists and Code of Conduct  - Ethical Standard 3.01 Unfair Discrimination  • Ethical Standard 3.03 Other Harassment  • Ethical Standard 3.04 Avoiding Harm (A)  Step 3: Know and understand applicable laws and regulations - As his mental therapist, I should investigate and find a rightful solution, so Jackson and I feel comfortable

The Fisher Six-Step Decision Making Model (Fisher, 2023)  Step 4: Seek consultation - I would consult the APA, my peers, the supervisor I work under for, to find a solution to this dilemma Step 5: Develop possible courses of action and their consequences - I would go over different solutions with Jackson to see which he feels more comfortable with, such as a pros or cons list, etc. Step 6: Act and monitor results, making necessary modifications - I would discuss this with my supervisors, as well as Jackson to discuss his thoughts and develop a solutions

Best Practice for Working With Religious Beliefs  The spiritual history must be taken in a gentle, sensitive and non-judgmental manner. Clinicians often have their own feelings about religion/spirituality (either negative or positive) and need to be aware of their own countertransference reactions, which may require considerable effort (Koenig, 2020)  As a religious person, using the spiritual theory will help make sure I don’t break any of the ethics code, and be seen as a non-judgmental person as well. Although it will be difficult since Jackson may have bias views, using this approach can help me understand why he thinks what he thinks, and how I can help him overcome this negative approach about religion

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Best Practice for Working With Sexual Identity  Affirmative therapy is a type of psychotherapy used to validate and advocate for the needs of sexual and gender minority clients. Therapists use verbal and nonverbal means to demonstrate an affirming stance toward lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) clients (Hinrichs, 2017)  By being affirmative to Jackson’s sexuality, I will be seen as trustworthy person, who can empathize with what he’s going through, as a gay man. Validating his sexual identity is key to make sure he feels comfortable, safe, and open around me

Best Practice for Working With Gender Identity  CBT not only seeks to change behavior using established behavioral strategies, but also targets thinking patterns and beliefs (Smedslund,2011)  Although this article talks about men being physically abusive towards their SO, the idea of CBT being able to change their thinking, as well as their behaviors, can impact Jackson in a positive way. By incorporating CBT, I can figure out his thoughts about gender, sexuality, religion, etc., and find ways to change his thinking and his behaviors as well

Proposed Resolution  It’s my responsibility as Jackson’s therapist to communicate my concerns, as I tend to his mental health  I would learn more about LGBTQ+ and theories that deal with non- religious individuals, but I should be careful, as I could violate the ethics code and HIPPA.  I should also discuss with other therapist on how they handle men who have a few sayings of words to women.

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References  American Psychological Association. (2017). Ethical principles of psychologists and code of conduct. http://www.apa.org/ethics/code/index.aspx  Carter,(2016). Reflecting Humanity: Biological, Psychological, and Sociological Perspectives - Capella University (2nd ed.). Kendall Hunt Publishing. https://capella.vitalsource.com/books/9781465298072  Fisher, C. B. (2023). Decoding the ethics code: A practical guide for psychologists (5th ed.). Sage. ISBN: 9781544362717.  Hinrichs at al., (2017). Recommendations for Use of Affirmative psychotherapy with LGBTQ older adults, Journal of clinical psychology , 73 (8), 945 – 953. https://doi.org/10.1002/jclp.2250  Hooker, B. (Ed.). (2012). Developing deontology: new essays in ethical theory. Retrieved from https://ebookcentral- proquest.com.library.capella.edu

References  Kaptein, M. (2011). From Inaction to External Whistleblowing: The Influence of the Ethical Culture of Organizations on Employee Responses to Observed Wrongdoing. Journal of Business Ethics, [online] 98(3), pp.513-530  Koenig, H. et al.,(2020). Religion and psychiatry: Clinical applications. BJPsych Advances, 26(5), 273-281. doi:10.1192/bja.2020.11  Sampson, J. P et al.,(2014). Ethical issues associated with information and communication technology in counseling and guidance. International Journal for Educational and Vocational Guidance, 14(1), 135 – 148.  Smedslund et al.,(2011) Cognitive behavioral therapy for men who physically abuse their female partner

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