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desired outcomes. Answer: penalties 79. A referee is a person who is in your goal that you assign to enforce the rules of vour commitment agreement. Answer: impartial and has no direct involvement 5 Of 5 80. When choosing a commitment strategy it is always important to: Answer: use small goals that carry high confidence levels . Frequent hard commitments Answer: build confidence 82. Penalties should be to provide a incentive to perform desirable behavior Answer: aversive enough in nature, strong 83. Referees should be Answer: impartial and able to enforce the rules of the agreement 84. Which is not a maintenance strategy”? Answer: assigning the role of referee to yourself 85. The three conditions of flow are: Answer: clear goals, immediate feedback, and a perception of challenge that matches our perceptions of our abilities 86. Which is not a characteristic of flow? Answer: visual distortion 8 — 8 ~ . Challenges that are too low lead to while challenge that are too high lead to Answer: boredome, anxiety 88. One hidden cost of multitasking is Answer: increased anxiety 89. Being distracted increases our risk of Answer: impulse decisions 90. Chronic underutilization of our strengths leads to Answer: negative feeling and maladaptation? 91. Flow our cognitive and physical strengths to Answer: elevates, their highest levels 92. One characteristic of too much self-focus (narcissism) is Answer: increased focus on one's weaknesses 93. Which is not a characteristic of self-transcendence? Answer: we experience a heightened self-consciousness 94. Flow and post-traumatic growth both share: Answer: growth through adversity 95. Epigenetic changes are Answer: persistent changes in the way our genes express themselves 96. In flow and in post-traumatic growth, changes are experienced as Answer: paradoxical 97. Flow is intoxicating because it is the highest form of mastery over Answer: the self 98. Dopamine produced in flow is not associated with: Answer: anxiety 99. Which effect is flow not associated with? Answer: high levels of visual stimuli 100. The first step to using ESM with a client is Answer: to familiarize the client with the ESM model 101. Which is not a benefit of using ESM? Answer: to make the client aware of her resistance to change 102. Often uncovered through ESM are Answer: unanticipated feelings about activities and unidentified feelings about change processes 103. Motivation is quite predictive of Answer: future participation 104. One consistency that has been identified with ESM is that the quality of data appears to decline after Answer: two to four weeks 105. Direct questions act as a Answer: behavioral priming device 106. Asking about an undesired behavior may lead to Answer: its increase 107. When descriptive experience includes information about what a person did in the past, or is thinking about doing in the future, it is subject to Answer: memory biases 108. The type of ESM used with most consistency and with more efficacy in the field of behavioral change is Answer: signal-contingent 109. Which is not a way ESM can be used to measure change? Answer: weight loss