Day 23 - Treatments

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University of Rhode Island *

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Psychology

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Dec 6, 2023

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Evaluation & Feedback about Psyc 110-01 with Dr. Lacasse Please Complete – I leave the room and will give you 15 minutes - I really appreciate numeric feedback & written comments. I use it to make my class better in future semesters. - Think about what you learned this semester – new ideas, new ways of thinking about your own experience or other people. Think about what about the class or assignments you found helpful, what changes you might suggest for future semesters. - All of these surveys are anonymous and confidential - I will not know who submitted which responses and I will not be able to see any of your responses until after your final grades are submitted. Find the email: Class Climate for Psyc 110
Looking ahead - Activity 8: Social Psychology, Activity 9: Personality Test, and Activity 10: Hearing Voices ◦ Due 11:59pm on Friday Dec 9 - Research Experience ◦ Due 11:59pm on Friday, Dec 9 – complete before then - Start Studying for Exam 3 – in class on Monday, Dec 12 ◦ 4 Chapters - Social Psychology, Personality, Psychological Disorders, Therapy & Treatments - Assignment #3: Top 5 Things You Learned in PSYC 110 this semester ◦ Rather than a final exam, do a personal reflection of what you learned ◦ Due 11:59pm on Monday, Dec 19
Therapies & Treatments 2
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Cognitive Behavioral Therapy: CBT ◦ Relatively short-term therapy ◦ Symptom focused & action oriented ◦ Selecting specific strategies to help address those problems ◦ Effective for anxiety & depression Dysfunctional, irrational, or extreme beliefs, thoughts, or interpretation of Event -Emotions , strong negative feelings -Behavior , dysfunctional or harmful Dispute the Belief – Is belief irrational or extreme? Are there other ways to view Activating Event? - Exchange old Beliefs for Effective new, rational, balanced Beliefs. - Leads to new, functional or positive Consequences (emotions or behaviors)
A…B…C…D….E Activating Event Beliefs Consequences Dispute Exchange - Feel hopeless -Does not prepare because convinced presentation will be bad no matter what Must give a presentation to the class -“If I mess up, the whole class will laugh at me ” - Feel anxious - Pretend to be sick that day to avoid class - Have you ever seen this happen in college class? Probably not. - This is an irrational belief - Most students are also anxious about messing up during a presentation. - Most students will be kind if I make a mistake. I will try. Must give a presentation to the class -“I am never good at explaining things” - Have you taught someone the rules to a game or how to use some tech? - This is an extreme belief - I am good at explaining things, just nervous about doing it for class. - If I prepare & practice before class, it will likely go well.
Is therapy effective? Eysenck (1952) challenged psychotherapists ◦ Does therapy make people WORSE? ◦ Only 44% psychodynamic therapy patients improved over 5 years, but 72% improved when treated in hospitals or by medical doctors Evaluation of Psychotherapy: ◦ In general - more improvement with therapy than no therapy ◦ No one therapy most effective overall ◦ What matters most: (1) have a caring listener, (2) offered a new way of thinking, and (3) feel hope Push for Evidence-Based treatments: must be backed by research ◦ Find that certain treatments better for certain disorders
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Ex. Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) Inattention - Difficulty paying attention, Daydreaming, Forgetting or losing things, Easily distracted, Difficulty finishing what is started, Making careless mistakes Hyperactivity Difficulty staying seated, Fidgeting or squirming, Talking too much, Constantly in motion as if “driven by a motor” Impulsivity Difficulty taking turns, Often interrupts, Speaks out of turn, Difficulty waiting for things ADHD Symptoms commonly seen in Adults - Procrastination, Difficulty completing tasks, Difficulty with time management, Making decisions without properly evaluating options - Selecting jobs that require high levels of activity and multitasking, Feeling restless all the time - Low stress tolerance, Quick to get frustrated https://health.ucdavis.edu/mindinstitute/research/about-adhd Strengths of people with ADHD
Ex. Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) ◦ Research: Stimulant medication compared to placebo ◦ Medication largely reduces behaviors that cause problems in school ◦ Negative verbal remarks, interruptions, conduct problems, non-compliance with adults ◦ Side effects ◦ Sleep problems, reduced appetite, slowing of growth, ◦ Removes feelings of control, less effective over time ◦ Behavior therapy – Teach the parents ◦ Reinforce positive behaviors & ignore negative ones (no reinforcement), use positive communication techniques, structure the environment for success ◦ Kid & parent find techniques that work for them for managing classes, work, relationships ◦ Often start with medication, later can be slowly phased out
Ex. Depression in Adolescents SSRIs – Concern about some reports of suicidal ideation in teens Treatment of Adolescent Depression Study – large scale study ◦ Percent Effective: 61% SSRI, 43% CBT, 35% placebo ◦ Combined SSRI & CBT best: 71% ◦ Three year follow up ◦ Combined (86%) compared to either drug OR CBT (both 81%) (March et al., 2004)
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Is medication/therapy combination really best? Som e initial evidence from brain scan on people with depression ◦ Indicates that we can predict who will benefit more from SSRI medications or from CBT therapy https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=A_abuWX3Yz0&feature=emb_logo
Matching Therapy Examples - What is type of therapy? -What specific techniques or concepts being described?
After describing how you have not left your house all summer due to your fear of bees, the therapist works with you to construct a list of stimuli that are increasingly fearful to you. Lowest in the list is reading the word buzz and the highest on the list is seeing a bee flying close to your face. Once the list is completed, he teaches how to feel relaxed to these stimuli, starting first with the stimuli to which you are least afraid. A. Psychotropic medications B. Psychodynamic C. Humanistic D. Cognitive E. Behavioral
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After describing to your therapist the difficulties, you are having in your romantic relationship, you find that she mirrors back many of your statements, as if asking you to reflect upon what you have just said. At the same time, you are convinced that she holds you in high esteem and is there to support whatever decisions you make. A. Psychotropic medications B. Psychodynamic C. Humanistic D. Cognitive E. Behavioral
Your primary care doctor discusses the problems you are having focusing during school, and discovers that you have had issues with inattention, impulsivity, and restlessness since childhood. She diagnoses you with ADHD and recommends that you consider taking medications to help manage the symptoms. A. Psychotropic medications B. Psychodynamic C. Humanistic D. Cognitive E. Behavioral
Your therapist works with you to identify what happens at work right before you have episodes of feeling overwhelmingly sad. She then works with you to identify your unrealistic expectations, and that you should not expect all people at your workplace to care for you as much as your family and friends do. She works with you to come up with new expectations so that you are not so regularly upset at work. A. Psychotropic medications B. Psychodynamic C. Humanistic D. Cognitive E. Behavioral
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regarding the problems you are having with your mother. You describe your current conflicts – how you are fighting about the plans for Christmas, and how she doesn’t seem to appreciate all the planning and effort you put into setting up such events. The therapist points out that you have avoided mentioning anything about what your father’s role is in these conflicts, and suggests it might be good to discuss. A. Psychotropic medications B. Psychodynamic C. Humanistic D. Cognitive E. Behavioral
Exam 3 Review
Review for Exam 3 There will be 52 multiple choice questions, 2 points each You must bring a surface to write on – a textbook, binder, spiral, or other hard surface Recommend a pencil , so you can easily erase and change answers All other materials & cellphones must be stored inside your bag throughout the whole exam Study Guide Sheet: Study class notes PowerPoint Lecture Slides Textbook – especially topics mentioned in the review sheet. Video clips from class Activities, Old quizzes; Test yourself on questions from end of each chapter Use techniques that you learned from Memory Extra Credit Specific Questions?
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questions -Question in slide Answer in “Notes” section below slide
school, as he would frequently fight with other children. Paul found when he entered high school that he could channel this hostility into sports such as football and soccer and get praised for it. This is an example of: A. projection. B. displacement. C. sublimation. D. regression.
The diathesis stress model of psychological disorders suggests that: A. having a predisposition stresses the brain that leads to the disorder. B. a stressful life event can prevent the predisposition from ever turning into a disorder. C. having a predisposition is stressful, and worrying about this leads to the disorder. D. experiencing a stressful life event in addition to having a predisposition leads to the disorder.
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Which of the following people is making a self-serving attribution ? a. Alia, who acknowledges that she got fired for poor job performance b. Ophelia, who believes that her good grades are due to her very high intelligence c. Jordan, who thinks that they got accepted into graduate school due to luck d. Irina, who believes that one low test score will ruin her GPA
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for stealing it, so she brought some paper to work to replace what she took. Freud would suggest that Sheila’s ____________ was making her thing about her morals and influencing her to bring the paper back. A. superego B. id C. unconscious D. conscious
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Which of the following is the main conclusion from Milgram’s shock experiments? a. Males are more likely than females to harm other people if ordered to do so by an authority figure. b. Only people who are already predisposed to violence will harm other people if ordered to do so by an authority figure. c. Most ordinary people will harm other people if ordered to do so by an authority figure. d. Most ordinary people will disobey an authority figure if the authority figure asks them to harm other people.
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What of the following statements about bipolar disorder is true ? A. Someone with bipolar disorder would be unlikely to experience a depressive episode B. Someone with bipolar disorder often experiences great swings in emotion every few hours C. Someone with bipolar disorder would likely have experienced an episode of inflated self-esteem, decreased sleep, and increased goal-directed activity D. Bipolar disorder is caused entirely by genetic factors
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Which of the following statements is true regarding someone’s locus of control? A. This is largely genetic, and likely inherited from your parents. B. This develops throughout different childhood experiences. C. Experiencing social unrest, war, or natural disasters can lead people for form a more internal locus of control. D. All of the above
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Lisandra pays great attention to detail, never misses a class, and is highly organized. She most likely scores very high on the Big 5 trait of: A. extraversion B. openness C. neuroticism D. conscientiousness
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compulsions for individuals with obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD)? A. Compulsions strengthen the obsessive thoughts B. Compulsions often lead to delusions C. Compulsions temporarily reduce anxiety caused by obsessive thoughts D. Compulsions allow the individual to share their obsessive thoughts with others
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therapist about her drinking. She is afraid that the therapist will get mad at her like her mother used to. It seems that Ying has started relating to her therapist in the same way she related to her mother. In this way, Ying is experiencing: A. Exposure B. Active listening C. Resistance D. Transference
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What is demonstrated in this scenario? You are out with your friends and they all start saying they want to eat pizza for lunch. You don’t really want to eat pizza, but you say “Sure, pizza sounds good” just to keep everyone happy and to avoid anyone getting angry with you. A. Obedience to authority B. Self-fulfilling prophecy C. Informational social influence D. Normative social influence
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Which of the following is a key technique of behavioral therapy? A. Directly challenging the client’s problematic beliefs B. Active listening so the client can come to their own self- discoveries and growth C. Focusing on what is reinforcing the client’s problematic behaviors D. All of the above
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Which of the following seems to be most important in predicting whether a therapist is effective in helping their clients? A. Avoiding the use of medication along with therapy B. Offering the client hope and a new way of viewing their symptoms C. Having extensive advanced training D. Focusing exclusively on the client’s problematic behaviors
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