Observation Paper (DRAFT.NOTES)

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Liberty University *

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491

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Psychology

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Dec 6, 2023

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Observation Paper (DRAFT) Alon West Department of Psychology, Liberty University PSYC 491: Capstone in Psychology Instructor Roff December 02, 2023

Introduction  John Sommers-Flannagan's counseling sessions reveal diverse emotional struggles in individuals of different ages and backgrounds.  Psychological theories and Biblical principles are applied to understand and address behavioral and emotional challenges.  The sessions serve as valuable tools for promoting healthy and stable lifestyles. Summary of Counseling Sessions Claire’s Session  Confidentiality and privacy emphasized, creating a safe space for Claire to share.  Three-step emotional change trick applied, encouraging positive emotions.  Activity: Claire identifies ten positive traits about herself, struggles but finds self-worth.  John discusses Claire's wishes and goals, focusing on changing thought patterns. TJ’s Session  TJ expresses anger and fights, revealing reluctance initially.  Progression from unenthusiastic to engaged, identifying desire for social skills.  TJ aims to become a motivational speaker, acknowledging need for support. Luis’s Session  Motivational interview on excessive drinking, identifying triggers and coping mechanisms.  Application of Icek Ajzen’s Theory of Planned Behavior: Attitude, subjective norms, perceived behavioral control.  Luis recognizes the need to regain control and sets a new limit. Meredith’s Session  Meredith's social anxiety explored using Erving Goffman’s Self-Presentation Theory.  Focus on cognitive approach, addressing helpful and unhelpful thoughts.  Encouragement to apply lessons despite initial discomfort. Carl’s Session  Mental state examination was conducted, revealing signs of anxiety and ADHD.  Application of Psychodynamic Theory: Unconscious processes, defense mechanisms observed.  John maintains a calm atmosphere, addressing concerning behaviors without judgment. Application of Theory

Claire’s Session (Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs)  Physiological, safety, love/belonging, esteem, and self-actualization needs addressed.  John assists Claire in setting personal goals and recognizing self-worth. TJ’s Session (General Strain Theory)  TJ's goal of becoming a motivational speaker hindered by lack of social skills.  Negative emotions, especially anger, linked to substance use. Luis’s Session (Theory of Planned Behavior)  Luis's attitude towards drinking, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control explored.  Luis acknowledges need for change and sets new limits. Meredith’s Session (Self-Presentation Theory)  Meredith’s fear of negative perception linked to social anxiety.  Cognitive approach applied to identify and address helpful thoughts. Carl’s Session (Psychodynamic Theory)  Unconscious processes, defense mechanisms, and childhood experiences influencing behavior.  John maintains a non-judgmental approach to address concerning behaviors. Biblical Worldview  Integration Implicit application of Biblical principles: mind renewal, joy, peace, and forgiveness.  Scriptures referenced: Romans 12:2, Romans 15:13, Ephesians 4:31-32, Luke 17:3-4.  Importance of forgiveness in achieving emotional and physical well-being emphasized. Application of Learning  Importance of building relationships and understanding clients demonstrated.  John's non-judgmental approach and use of guided questions noted.  Aspiring family counselor inspired to adopt similar techniques, particularly in a school counseling setting. Conclusion

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 John Sommers-Flannagan's counseling sessions showcase effective techniques for mental health professionals.  Diverse psychological theories provide insights into human behavior and societal dynamics.  The integration of Biblical principles reinforces the importance of empathy, forgiveness, and personal growth. References  Asare, M. (2015, October 26). Using the theory of planned behavior to determine the condom use behavior among college students . National Library of Medicine. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4621079/#:~:text=The%20TPB %20posits%20that%20attitude,behavioral%20control%20influence%20behavioral %20intention.  Bonn, S. (2017, July 17). Fear-Based Anger Is the Primary Motive for Violence . Psychology Today. https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/wicked- deeds/201707/fear-based-anger-is-the-primary-motive-violence  Brezina, T. (2017, February 27). General Strain Theory . Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Criminology. Retrieved 28 Nov. 2023, from https://oxfordre.com/criminology/view/10.1093/acrefore/9780190264079.001.0001/acref ore-9780190264079-e-249.  Collier, S., MD & MPH. (2022, October 17). How can you find joy (or at least peace) during difficult times? Harvard Health. https://www.health.harvard.edu/blog/how-can- you-find-joy-or-at-least-peace-during-difficult-times-202210062826  Cooke, R., Dahdah, M., French, D., & Norman, P. (2016, J ). How well does the theory of planned behavior predict alcohol consumption? A systematic review and meta-analysis. Health psychology review . https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4867851/

 John Hopkins Medicine. (2021, November 1 ). Forgiveness: your health depends on it. Johns Hopkins Medicine . https://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/health/wellness-and- prevention/forgiveness-your-health-depends-on-it  Mcleod, S., PhD. (2023). Psychodynamic approach in Psychology . Simply Psychology . https://www.simplypsychology.org/psychodynamic.html  Mcleod, S., PhD. (2024). Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs Theory. Simply Psychology . www.simplypsychology.org/maslow.html.  Nickerson, C. (2023, September 29). Impression Management & Self Presentation (Goffman). Simply Psychology . https://www.simplypsychology.org/impression- management.html#Impression-Management-in-Sociology  Sommers-Flanagan, J. (2021, November 30). Claire closing and summary [Video]. Canvas. https://canvas.liberty.edu/courses/613675/pages/watch-claire-closing-and- summary?module_item_id=57863727  Sommers-Flanagan, J. (2021, November 30). Claire what’s good about you [Video]. Canvas. https://canvas.liberty.edu/courses/613675/pages/watch-claire-whats-good-about- you?module_item_id=57863706  Sommers-Flanagan, J. (2021, November 30). Luis and motivational interviewing [Video]. Canvas. https://canvas.liberty.edu/courses/613675/pages/watch-luis-and-motivational- interviewing?module_item_id=57863749  Sommers-Flanagan, J. (2021, November 30). Mental status examination with John Sommers-Flanaga n [Video]. Canvas. https://canvas.liberty.edu/courses/613675/pages/watch-mental-status-examination-with- john-sommers-flanagan?module_item_id=57863814

 Sommers-Flanagan, J. (2021, November 30). Opening wishes and goal s [Video]. Canvas. https://canvas.liberty.edu/courses/613675/pages/watch-opening-wishes-and-goals? module_item_id=57863701  Sommers-Flanagan, J. (2021, November 30). Sample CBT session on social anxiety [Video]. Canvas. https://canvas.liberty.edu/courses/613675/pages/watch-sample-cbt- session-on-social-anxiety?module_item_id=57863794  Sommers-Flanagan, J. (2021, November 30). The three step emotional change trick [Video]. Canvas. https://canvas.liberty.edu/courses/613675/pages/watch-the-three-step- emotional-change-trick?module_item_id=57863703  Sommers-Flanagan, J. (2021, November 30). TJ anger management [Video]. Canvas. https://canvas.liberty.edu/courses/613675/pages/watch-tj-anger-management? module_item_id=57863729

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