2-2 Project One Milestone_Graphic Organizer

1 COLUMN 1 COLUMN 2 COLUMN 3 COLUMN 4 COLUMN 5 1. Overview of perspective 2. How does the perspective relate to nature? 3. How does the perspective relate to nurture? 4. How does this perspective study or explain stress? 5. Think about the ways stress impacts your own life. In your opinion, is nature or nurture more significant for this perspective, and why? Neuroscience: How the structures and chemistry of the brain and body influence mental process and behavior Brain and body development is influenced by biological factors, such as genetic expression (Honeycutt, 2019). Brain and body development is influenced by responses to changes in our environment (Honeycutt, 2019). The neuroscience perspective studies the chemical causes and effects of stress, from the release of the hormone cortisol to the effects of chronic stress on the body. I think nurture is more significant for the neuroscience perspective. I believe nurture is more important in neuroscience perspective. Nurture has a strong impact on a child's behavior as they grow. Things like hate, drug addiction, abuse, can be developed by learning from their parents or how they were brought up. Evolutionary: How natural selection of traits promotes the survival and reproduction of genes We are born with instincts that promote our survival and the propagation of our species (Honeycutt, 2019). Our ability to survive depends on our ability to adapt to the changing demands of life (Honeycutt, 2019). The evolutionary perspective explains that our biological response to stress was passed down from our ancestors because it helped them survive threatening situations. I think nature is more significant for the evolutionary perspective. I believe nature is more significant in the evolutionary perspective. It is your in your nature that will determine a fight or flight situation. While I believe this can also be learned, it will depend on you nature of how you will react. Behavior Genetics: How genes and Genetic predisposition and Our lived experience influences the coding The behavior genetics perspective investigates I think nurture is more significant for the behavior genetics perspective. I believe

2 PSY 108 Project One Milestone Graphic Organizer environment interact and work together to influence our traits and behaviors innate knowledge help to shape our attitudes and choices (Honeycutt, 2019). and expression of our genes (Levitt, 2013). whether genes predispose some people to stress, how stress affects gene expression, and how stress can alter our genes through epigenetic changes. nurture is more significant in behavior genetic. Life experiences influence your decision-making process. Environment can have an impact, but I believe your experiences will drive your decision making and how you handle change. Psychodynamic: How unconscious drives and desires influence behavior We are naturally, and unconsciously, driven to seek pleasure and avoid death (Freud, 1920). Childhood experiences influence how we manage the conflict between our desires and society’s rules (Harper, 2023). The psychodynamic perspective emphasizes how our inner conflicts and early childhood experiences influence our ability to deal with stress. I think nurture is more significant for the psychodynamic perspective. I believe nurture is more significant in the psychodynamic perspective. An individual's upbringing has a strong effect on how they manage life challenges. Early childhood experiences will affect how we deal with conflicts and stress. Behavioral: How observable behaviors and reactions are shaped by external stimuli The choices that we make are instinctual, not learned (Garvey, 2005). The choices that we make are a product of what we learn through our exposure to role models (Garvey, 2005). The behavioral perspective suggests that our reactions to stressful situations are learned behaviors or responses— and that we can change them. I think nurture is more significant for the behavioral perspective. I believe nurture is more significant in behavioral perspective. Our upbringing will be the first to dictate our behavior and how we handle stressful situations. These are learned behaviors and can change over time due to outside influences like life experiences.

4 PSY 108 Project One Milestone Graphic Organizer References Freud, S., & Jones, E. (Eds.). (1922). International psychoanalytical library: Vol. 4. Beyond the pleasure principle. (C. J. M. Hubback, Trans.). The International Psycho-Analytical Press . https://doi.org/10.1037/11189-000 (Original work published 1920) Garvey, B. (2005). Nature, nurture and why the pendulum still swings. Canadian Journal of Philosophy, 35 (2), 309–330. https://doi.org/10.1080/00455091.2005.10716592 Harper, J. (2023). Psychology in the real world . Soomo Learning. https://www.webtexts.com Honeycutt, H. (2019). Nature and nurture as an enduring tension in the history of psychology. Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Psychology . https://doi.org/10.1093/acrefore/9780190236557.013.518 Kitayama, S., & Salvador, C. E. (2017). Culture embrained: Going beyond the nature-nurture dichotomy. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 12 (5), 841–854. https://doi.org/10.1177/1745691617707317 Levitt, M. (2013). Perceptions of nature, nurture and behaviour. Life Sciences, Society and Policy, 9 (13). https://doi.org/10.1186/2195-7819-9-13 Lewkowicz, D. J. (2011). The biological implausibility of the nature-nurture dichotomy and what it means for the study of infancy. Infancy: The Official Journal of the International Society on Infant Studies, 16 (4), 331–367. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1532-7078.2011.00079.x