W 7 D 1 Malingering instruments

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Capella University *

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6920

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Psychology

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Oct 30, 2023

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docx

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2

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According to the DSM-5, (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5 th Edition, APA, 2013), malingering is the intentional production of false or grossly exaggerated physical or psychological symptoms, motivated by external incentives. It is no secret that forensic psychologists, when doing evaluations, often take extra precautions when it comes to the potential likelihood of malingering of defendants during the evaluation process. These special precautions often involve the use of instruments that are designed to assist in detecting malingering. There have been various instruments created to assist with detecting malingering. Instruments such as the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI-2 and the MMPI-RF (Restructured Form), Personality Assessment Inventory (PAI), and the Structured Interview of Reported Symptoms (SIRS), and have all resulted in substantial differences in over-reporters, and comparison participants. It is important to understand that the instruments are only to assist the evaluator. It is the knowledge and training of the evaluator to be competent to detect overreporting. Overreporting is when the individual magnifies the severity of their problems, or reports symptoms that are unlikely to be present. In an article I read discussing a meta-analysis of the Miller Forensic Assessment of Symptoms Test (M-Fast), which is 25-item screening instrument, for adults 18 and over, that utilizes structured interviewing to detect for overreporting of psychiatric illness. Validity has been demonstrated across various settings and groups (Detullio, 2019). In another article I read, the authors assessed feigning with a new forensic assessment tool, the Feigning Evaluation Integrating Sources (FEINS). This instrument is the first to guide forensic evaluators in the total comprehensive assessment of feigning by adding structure to the collection of relevant data such as multiple tests, interviews, behavioral observations, and collateral sources. The reliability of this test scored in both construct validity, and predictive validity. When evaluators utilized the FEINS, the result was more accurate development of structured professional judgement in predicting the competency of the evaluator’s perception of feigning. The findings suggest that FEINS may be a very practical tool to utilize and assist evaluators when detecting for feigning across psychiatric, cognitive, and psycholegal/functional elements. FEINS is centered around 20 items, derived from literature regarding malingering in
neuropsychological, civil forensic, and criminal forensic research departments, therefore presenting the ability to capture indicators of feigning across multiple fields. FEINS can also be utilized across various age groups (Grossi, 2022). References: American Psychiatric Association. (2013). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (5 th ed.). Arlington, Va: Author Detullio, D., Messer, S. C., Kennedy, T. D., & Millen, D. H. (2019). A meta-analysis of the miller forensic assessment of symptoms test (M-FAST). Psychological Assessment, 31 (11), 1319-1328. https://doi.org/10.1037/pas0000753 Grossi, L. M., Green, D., Cabeldue, M., & Pivovarova, E. (2022). Assessing feigning with the feigning evaluation INtegrating sources (FEINS) in a forensic psychiatric sample. Psychological Services, 19 (2), 213- 224. https://doi.org/10.1037/ser0000513
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