Operant Conditioning Essay (1)

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Psychology

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Oct 30, 2023

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Operant conditioning is when punishment or rewards are used to change behavior because when behavior is rewarded it is most likely to increase of good behavior and when it is punished it is more likely to decrease and become a rare occurrence of unruly behavior. The principles of operant conditioning are positive reinforcement, negative reinforcement, positive punishment, negative punishment, and extinction. Positive reinforcement is rewarding or reinforcing ideal behavior to increase the chance that the person will repeat the behavior.
Negative reinforcement is showing consequences to stop unruly behaviors. Positive punishment involves adding stimulus after unruly behavior to stop a person from repeating the same behavior. Negative punishment involves the removal of something to stop a behavior. For example, if a child goes through a tantrum a parent will take the toy away which is an example of negative punishment. An example of positive punishment could be adding more chores to a child's list when they misbehave. Extinction refers to overtime the weaking of a conditioned response that results in the behavior decreasing. A real-world example would be how for younger kids' teachers give gold stars or stickers when they display good behavior and when they display unruly behavior teachers take away recess. When given stickers or gold star it is an encouragement to the children, so they associate good behavior with the stickers, so they increase that behavior. While the taking away of the recess shows them the consequences of their actions and that now they must miss something fun which then discourages them from misbehaving and having their recess taken away in the future.
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