KeiryPaulino_Psych101_W4Assignment

pptx

School

American Public University *

*We aren’t endorsed by this school

Course

101

Subject

Psychology

Date

Feb 20, 2024

Type

pptx

Pages

Uploaded by keiry29

LIFESPAN DEVELOPMENT PRESENTATION : PSYCHOSOCIAL THEORY Keiry Paulino American Military University PSYC101: Introduction to Psychology Dr. Erica Durbin 1 October 2023

PSYCHOSOCIAL THEORY Psychosocial Development Theory, proposed by renowned psychologist Erik Erikson, offers a comprehensive framework for understanding the complex interplay between individual development and societal influences. This theory explores how biological, psychological, and social factors(Orenstein, 2022) affect how individuals navigate various psychosocial crises and challenges as they grow and mature. Erikson’s eight- stage theory highlights the importance of social and cultural factors in shaping an individual's identity, self- esteem, and overall well-being. It emphasizes the crucial role of social interactions, relationships, and personal experiences in our psychological growth. Successful completion of each stage is vital to developing a healthy personality and provides the individual with the proper tools to tackle the next stage.

PRENATAL STAGE (CONCEPTION TO BIRTH) • Significant physical growth occurs. Organs, body structures, and sensory systems form. • Requires proper nutrients deliver to the womb from mother. Physical Development: • The fetus begins to develop basic sensory. • With limitations, they can hear things outside of the womb and touch things inside. Cognitive Development: • Prenatal care, maternal stress, and environmental factors can influence the emotional well-being of both mother and the fetus. Psychosocial Development: Physical Development: o Mom provided me with all the nutrients to develop strong. I grew all the necessary parts to be a well-developed human. Cognitive Development: o My mom would play soothing music for us at night. It made me feel comfortable even in the womb. When she would play upbeat tunes, I would kick inside as my form of dancing. Psychosocial Development: o My emotional well-being was protected as much as possible. Mom had minimal stress and a pretty comfortable pregnancy, keeping us both grounded.

Your preview ends here

Eager to read complete document? Join bartleby learn and gain access to the full version

Access to all documents
Unlimited textbook solutions
24/7 expert homework help

STAGE ONE: TRUST VS. MISTRUST (INFANCY 0-1 YEAR) • Physical growth and motor skills advance significantly during the first year of life • They go through significant changes in size, strength, and sensory perception • Milestones such as rolling over, sitting up, and eventually walking mark this stage Physical Development: • This includes the gradual emergence of sensory and motor skills. • Infant begin to make sense of their environment by touching, tasting, and exploring object • They start to develop basic forms of memory and learn to recognize familiar faces and voices. Cognitive Development: • The primary conflict revolves around trust versus mistrust. • Infants rely on their caregivers for their needs and emotional security • Success: trust is built when caregivers respond consistently and lovingly to the infant’s needs, providing a sense of safety and reliability • Failure: inconsistent or neglectful caregivers may cause the infant to develop mistrust • Success in this stage lays the foundations for healthy emotional development in later stages Psychosocial Development: Physical Development: o I was growing rapidly and working on my motor skills Cognitive Development: o The sound of my mother’s voice would bring an instant smile to my face as I remembered hearing her voice from the womb Psychosocial Development: o My mother tended to my every need. She ensured I was fed, clean, and loved every second of the day. I trusted her and the world around me

STAGE TWO: AUTONOMY VS. SHAME/DOUBT (EARLY CHILDHOOD 1-3 YEARS) • Toddlers experience significant physical growth and motor development • They become more coordinated, which enables them to explore Physical Development: • Abilities continue to develop, allowing toddlers to explore and understand the world around them • They begin to use language to express their needs and desires, expanding their communicative skills Cognitive Development: • The primary psychosocial conflict is autonomy versus shame and doubt. They seek independence and autonomy in their choices. • Success: encouragement and support from caregivers lead to a sense of competence and autonomy • Failure: Overly restrictive or critical caregivers can result in shame and doubt, hindering the development of self-confidence • Successful navigation of this stage lays the foundation for self-control and a healthy sense of independence Psychosocial Development: Physical Development: o I grew rapidly and learned how to use my hands. I showed the world by playing with my dolls. Cognitive Development: o Despite my lisp, I could communicate with my mom when I was hungry, tired, sad, or happy. Psychosocial Development: o I was able to explore my surroundings as long as I was in sight. I learned what not to do from my mother, explaining in kind words what was ok and not ok.

STAGE THREE: INITIATIVE VS. GUILT (PLAY AGE 3-6 YEARS) • Physical growth continues, with children becoming more coordinated and agile • Fine motor skills, such as drawing and using small objects, improves significantly Physical Development: • Enabled to think more abstractly and solve problems • Become more curious about their surroundings and engage in imaginative play • Thirst for knowledge becomes evident Cognitive Development: • The central conflict is initiative versus guilt • They develop a sense of initiative by taking on new challenges, setting goals, and planning activities • Success: Encouragement and positive feedback from caregivers are crucial in building self- esteem and confidence • Failure: children whose efforts are met with criticism or excessive control may develop feelings of guilt and inferiority • Successful resolution results in a sense of purpose and the ability to pursue goals with enthusiasm Psychosocial Development: Physical Development: o I loved to draw! I was gifted drawing pads almost monthly and displayed my work all around the house. Cognitive Development: o I asked questions frequently. My mother answered every one of them and fueled my thirst for knowledge even more. Psychosocial Development: o I loved exploring outside and following all the little animals. I knew how far away I was allowed to go.

Your preview ends here

Eager to read complete document? Join bartleby learn and gain access to the full version

Access to all documents
Unlimited textbook solutions
24/7 expert homework help

STAGE FOUR: INDUSTRY VS. INFERIORITY (SCHOOL AGE 7-11 YEARS) • Children continue to experience steady physical growth, with a focus on refining motor skills and physical abilities • Growth spurts and changes in the body proportions are common during this stage Physical Development: • Cognitive development advances significantly • They begin to think more logically and organized, allowing them to grasp complex concepts and problem-solving skills • Formal education and academic learning are crucial Cognitive Development: • The central challenge is developing a sense of industry and competence • They seek to master new skills and take pride in their accomplishments • Success: Positive experiences in school, hobbies, and social activities contribute to a sense of industry and self-esteem • Failure: encountering continuous failures or lack of opportunities for skill development may result in feelings of inferiority Psychosocial Development: Physical Development: o Puberty hit me, and my body was developing changes. Cognitive Development: o My thirst for knowledge developed into a true passion. I was bumped up a grade. Psychosocial Development: o Being bumped up a grade had its pros and cons. I was routinely recognized for my educational successes, However, I was also bullied for being so young. This developed concerns with my self-esteem. My mother did everything she could to provide the nurture and support I needed to adapt and overcome.

STAGE FIVE: IDENTITY VS. CONFUSION (ADOLESCENCE 12-18 YEARS) • Marked by significant physical changes, like the onset of puberty • Rapid growth spurts, sexual maturation, and development of secondary sexual characteristics, physical features pertaining to the sex of the individual that develop during puberty(The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica, 2023), occur Physical Development: • Adolescents gain the ability to think abstractly and hypothetically • They explore complex ideas, engage in critical thinking, and question social norms • Formal thinking allows for advanced problem-solving and decision-making Cognitive Development: • The central challenge is the formation of a coherent and stable identity • They seek to find who they are by experimenting with different identities through relationships, interests, and activities • This period involves self-exploration, introspection, and the integration of personal experiences into a cohesive identity. • Success: establishing a cohesive identity results in a strong and stable sense of self • Failure: unresolved identity issues may result in role confusion and difficulty making life choices Psychosocial Development: Physical Development: o Puberty changes were finally leveling out. My physical changes began to stabilize. I joined the dance team and volleyball team. Cognitive Development: o I was enrolled in the math honors society and Advanced Placement courses. o I was able to apply my abstract thinking to my personal life as well. Psychosocial Development: o I made and lost many friends as I explored the type of people I wanted to be associated with. o The steps my mother assisted me with helped establish a foundation of security and confidence to find who I was.

STAGE SIX: INTIMACY VS. ISOLATION (EARLY ADULTHOOD 19-29 YEARS) • Physical growth is mostly complete • Biological maturation, including the development of reproductive capabilities, occur Physical Development: • Abilities continue to mature, with young adults honing their problem-solving and decision-making skill • Engage in critical thinking and apply their abstract thinking to real-life situations Cognitive Development: • The central challenge is forming intimate, meaningful relationships while avoiding social isolation • Young adults seek to establish deep emotional connections with others, both romantically and platonic • Success: being able to develop a sense of emotional maturity results in healthy, fulfilling relationships and the ability to share with others • Failure: failing to establish intimacy can lead to social isolation and difficulties in forming close emotional bonds Psychosocial Development: Physical Development: o I developed a love for working out. Worked on improving my strength. o I gave birth to my loving son, Aiden. My body went through so many changes creating him. Cognitive Development: o Enlisting in the Army, I quickly honed my problem-solving and decision-making skills. o I was able to quickly adapt to a dynamic work environment. Psychosocial Development: o Understanding that I needed talk therapy for experiences from my stage four and current stage, I began therapy. o I am continuing to learn to be an emotionally mature mother and wife.

Your preview ends here

Eager to read complete document? Join bartleby learn and gain access to the full version

Access to all documents
Unlimited textbook solutions
24/7 expert homework help

STAGE SEVEN: GENERATIVITY VS. STAGNATION (MIDDLE AGE 30-64 YEARS) Physical Development: • Individuals work on maintaining physical health and fitness • May be faced with age-related health-related health concerns such as declining metabolism and muscle mass Cognitive Development: • Remain stable and continue to apply accumulated knowledge and problem-solving skills • Priorities include career development, personal goals, and family-related decisions Psychosocial Development: • The central conflict is contributing to society and the well-being of future generations • nurturing, mentoring, and guiding the younger generation while leaving a lasting legacy • Success: fostering a sense of purpose, satisfaction, and the feeling of making a meaningful impact on others and society • Failure: stagnation marked by self-absorption, lack of growth, and a sense of unfulfillment • Successful resolution results in a sense of purpose and the ability to pursue goals with enthusiasm

STAGE EIGHT: INTEGRITY VS. DESPAIR (OLD AGE 65+) Physical Development: • Involves challenges of physical aging, including decreased mobility, sensory changes, and potential health issues • May require medical attention and care to maintain overall well-being Cognitive Development: • Cognitive abilities may decline, one of them being memory. Psychosocial Development: • The central conflict is reflecting on one’s life and the sense of fulfillment or regret associated with past decisions or experiences • A sense of wisdom, acceptance, and satisfaction emerges from a life well-lived • Success: when individuals come to terms with their life’s accomplishments and accept the inevitability of mortality, it fosters contentment and a positive outlook on their journey • Failure: despair arises from unresolved conflicts and regrets, hindering their ability to find meaning and acceptance

Sexual Orientation  Refers to an individual's enduring pattern of emotional, romantic, sexual behavior and sexual attraction to others (Mustanski, 2014). It encompasses categories such as heterosexual, homosexual, bisexual, and asexuality, among others. Sexual orientation is not a choice but is believed to be influenced by a complex interplay of genetic, hormonal, and environmental factors. Gender Identity  It is a person's deeply held sense of their own gender, which may be male, female, a blend of both (genderqueer or non-binary), or neither (agender). Gender identity does not always align with an individual's assigned sex at birth. The development of gender identity is a complex process influenced by biological, psychological, and social factors. It often begins in early childhood as children start to identify with and internalize societal gender roles and expectations (Halim, 2010). This process can be different for each individual.

Your preview ends here

Eager to read complete document? Join bartleby learn and gain access to the full version

Access to all documents
Unlimited textbook solutions
24/7 expert homework help

PSYCHOSOCIAL DEVELOPMENT THEORY: GENDER IDENTITY  The development of gender identity, as influenced by Erikson's psychosocial theory, can impact personality and sexuality in various ways. A positive resolution of each stage contributes to a strong and integrated sense of self. An individual's understanding and acceptance of their gender identity can affect their self-esteem, self-concept, and overall personality development. Additionally, gender identity can intersect with an individual's sexual orientation, influencing their attractions and relationships with others. This intersection of gender identity, personality, and sexuality is highly individualized and influenced by various internal and external factors, including culture and social support systems.

REFERENCES  Halim, M. L., & Ruble, D. (2010). Gender identity and stereotyping in early and middle childhood. In Handbook of Gender Research in Psychology (pp. 495–525). Springer: New York.  Kroger, J. (2003). Identity development during adolescence. In G. R. Adams & M. D. Berzonsky (Eds.), Blackwell handbook of adolescence (pp. 205–226). Blackwell Publishing  Mcleod, S., PhD. (2023). Erik Erikson’s Stages of Psychosocial Development. Simply Psychology . https://www.simplypsychology.org/erik-erikson.html  Mustanski, B., Kuper, L., and Greene, G. J. (2014). “Development of sexual orientation and identity. In APA handbook of sexuality and psychology,” in Person-Based Approaches. Vol. 1. eds. D. L. Tolman and L. M. Diamond (United States: American Psychological Association), 597–628.  Orenstein, G. A. (2022, November 7). Eriksons Stages of Psychosocial Development . StatPearls - NCBI Bookshelf. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK556096/  The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica. (2023, June 22). Secondary sex character | Definition, Development, & Facts . Encyclopedia Britannica. https://www.britannica.com/science/secondary-sex-character

KeiryPaulino_Psych101_W4Assignment

Related Documents