Alderian Article

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1 Adlerian Play Therapy Journal Article Deborah Fadase School of Community Studies, Fanshawe College PSYC 5033: Theoretical Frameworks in CYC Practice Professor: Amy Taylor January 28, 2024

2 Adlerian Play Therapy Journal Article 1. What is the title of the journal article, what is/are the author(s) names, what is the date of publication and what is the name of the journal publication that the research was published? (2 marks) The title of the journal article is The Effects of Adlerian Play Therapy on Reducing Students’ Disruptive Behaviours by Kirstin K, Meany-Walen, Sue C. Bratton, and Terry Kottman. It was published on January 7th, 2014. The name of the journal publication is the Journal of Counseling and Development (Meany-Walen et al., 2014). 2. What is the topic of the journal article? (1 marks) I came across this article on the use of play therapy, specifically the Adlerian technique (AdPT), for children in kindergarten and primary school who exhibit disruptive behaviour. The essay emphasizes how this approach might help students behave better over the long run and improve their connections with their professors. The AdPT is also contrasted in the paper with an alternative approach known as active control reading mentoring (RM), which was applied to a different set of kids. Furthermore, the study included two groups of children, one getting AdPT and the other receiving active control Reading Mentoring (RM). This is indicated by the comparison with another approach. More information about the particulars of each technique and how it was used in the study would be fascinating. 3. What is the thesis of the journal article? How are they trying to prove this? (2 marks)

3 Adlerian Play Therapy Journal Article The primary thesis of the journal article, "Effects of Adlerian Play Therapy on Reducing Students’ Disruptive Behaviors," centers on demonstrating the efficacy of Adlerian Play Therapy (AdPT) in mitigating disruptive behaviours among elementary school students. Through a randomized controlled study involving 58 students from diverse backgrounds, the authors aim to establish a statistically significant correlation between the implementation of AdPT and a reduction in disruptive classroom behaviours. The study's design incorporates blinding techniques, with teachers and raters unaware of the treatment group assignments, to minimize bias in assessing outcomes (Meany-Walen et al., 2014). Both qualitative and quantitative data collection methods are employed, allowing for a comprehensive evaluation of the therapy's impact. The authors specifically measure treatment effects through statistical analyses, reporting moderate to large effects, and additionally explore the influence of AdPT on improving teacher-student relationships, as evidenced by a significant reduction in reported stress among teachers. The methodology employed in the study reflects a meticulous approach to addressing the research question, emphasizing the importance of rigorous scientific inquiry. The combination of qualitative and quantitative data ensures a nuanced understanding of the therapy's effects, while the randomized controlled design enhances the study's internal validity. The inclusion of diverse student backgrounds contributes to the generalizability of the findings. The study seeks to provide empirical evidence supporting the positive impact of Adlerian Play Therapy on reducing disruptive behaviours in the elementary school setting, contributing valuable insights to the field of therapeutic interventions in education. 4 Who were the participants in the study? (provide all relevant details about them) (3 marks)

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4 Adlerian Play Therapy Journal Article 58 primary school kids participated in the research "Effects of Adlerian Play Therapy on Reducing Students' Disruptive Behaviours" because they were displaying disruptive behaviours in the classroom. The participants were chosen by qualifying requirements, and their varied backgrounds were taken into consideration to provide a more thorough knowledge of the efficacy of the therapy. According to the demographic composition of participants, 33% of them were European Americans, 48% were Latinos, and 19% were African Americans.67 kids were chosen at random from a suburban school district in the country's southwest at the beginning of this study. The kids were in the first, second, third, and kindergarten grades. A minimum of one of the following scales the DOF Total Problems scale, the TRF Externalizing scale, or one of the TR subscales such as Attention Problems, Rule Breaking, Aggressive Behaviour, ADHD (Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder) Problems, Oppositional Defiant Problems, or Conduct Problems must have been scored in the borderline or clinical range for the child to be eligible for the study. Sue, Terry, and Kristin (2014) Fifty-eight of the 67 pupils finished the experiment. Nine pupils were not able to finish their studies. Participants' qualifying requirements most likely focused on elementary school kids who behaved disruptively in class. These standards can include age groups, grade levels, or predetermined standards about the type and intensity of disruptive behaviours. Collaboration with educators, instructors, or other school administrators who may recognize and suggest pupils who fit the qualifying requirements may have been a part of the selection process. The kids were randomized into two groups: active control Reading Mentoring (RM) conditions and experimental Adlerian play therapy (AdPT). The treatment group assignment escaped the notice of the raters and teachers. Despite this, instructors were given a list of disruptive behaviours to use as a guide for the kids during the research.

5 Adlerian Play Therapy Journal Article 5. What were the results of the study? (3 marks) The Adlerian approach (AdPT) was used in a study on play therapy for disruptive kindergarten and primary school pupils, and the results showed improvements in performance and attention in the AdPT group. Remarkably, following AdPT, twelve out of the eighteen children returned to their typical range of functioning. Teachers of children in the AdPT group also showed little improvement in the child-teacher relationship. It's crucial to recognize that the study's small sample size means that extra care should be taken when extrapolating the findings. When compared to the active RP control group, AdPT helped youngsters perform better and pay attention. Twelve of the eighteen kids entered the usual range of functioning after taking part in the AdPT. Stress in the child-teacher connection improved somewhat for teachers of kids who had AdPT. One of the study's shortcomings is its tiny sample size. It is advised that more research includes parent and teacher consultation in addition to studies in which they are not allowed to observe the factors. 6. Identify and discuss three (3) Adlerian concepts or specific techniques (or combination of both for a total of 3) that were used in this study (4 marks each; 12 marks). - The approach employed in this study is centred on identifying and understanding the individual's psychological dynamics (Amy 2024) through a comprehensive exploration of their lifestyle within the context of their social and cultural milieu. To be eligible for the study, children needed to exhibit borderline or clinical range scores on various scales assessing total problems, externalizing behaviour attention problems, rule-breaking, aggressive behaviour, oppositional defiant problems, or conduct problems. This study adopts a holistic perspective, delving into specific behavioural characteristics and considering the cultural backgrounds of the participants, which encompass Latino,

6 Adlerian Play Therapy Journal Article European American, and African American children. By scrutinizing these three dimensions behaviour, academic grades, and cultural background – the research aims to provide a nuanced understanding of the lifestyle and psychological dynamics of these children. The inclusion of cultural factors signifies a commitment to acknowledging and examining the broader social and cultural context that plays a crucial role in shaping the psychological experiences of the participants. - As this study has shown, the idea of community feeling is centred on the issues people encounter that are closely related to their fear of not being accepted. According to (Amy, 2024), these issues show themselves as a deep fear of not being accepted or acknowledged in a social setting. This notion is supported by the study, which highlights the crucial role that early intervention plays in breaking the cycle of unhealthy relationships and averting further socioemotional problems. It emphasizes the critical role that the teacher-student relationship plays and makes the claim that this relationship is essential to children's academic and social success. "Early intervention has the potential to intervene in the cycle of negative relationships, thus preventing future socio- emotional problems," (Sue, Terry, and Kristin, 2014) highlights the connection between a sense of community and deliberate measures made to foster strong relationships. According to the study, when kids experience rejection from their instructors, it might hurt their future. On the other hand, it implies that early intervention by teachers with the ability to embrace and nurture kids has a palpable good effect on their future. This serves as more evidence of the significant impact that a sense of community has on people's socioemotional prospects and overall well-being, especially in teaching environments. - Adlerian psychology's core concept of social interest (Amy, 2024). captures the innate human desire to interact with and improve the lives of others. When it comes to play

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7 Adlerian Play Therapy Journal Article therapy that uses the Adlerian approach (AdPT), therapists put this idea into practice by creating activities that are meant to encourage children to cooperate and engage in social interactions. Therapists foster an atmosphere that enhances children's social interests by carefully planning sessions that prioritize sharing, teamwork, and empathy. Positively impacting the children's relationships with their instructors and peers is the goal, which goes beyond the therapeutic environment. AdPT practitioners aim to inculcate important social skills in children by fostering social motivation through these therapeutic endeavours, enabling them to carry forth improved interpersonal dynamics into their lives in a variety of contexts, in line with Adler's theory that social connection is a vital component of both individual and societal well-being. 7. Upon applying Edward de Bono's "Black Hat" theory to a journal paper on play therapy using the Adlerian approach (AdPT), several issues come to light. The study's dependence on a limited sample size raises concerns about the findings' wider relevance and undermines its external validity (Amy, 2024). There is a chance that subjective measurements will be used to evaluate behaviour, focus, and the relationship between the student and the teacher. This might lead to bias and compromise the results' objectivity. Furthermore, a thorough assessment of the relative efficacy of AdPT is hampered by the absence of extensive information regarding the active control Reading Mentoring (RM) group, which is stated in the comparison.

8 References Meany-Walen, K., Bratton, S., & Kottman, T. (2014). Effects of Adlerian play therapy on Reducing Students’ Disruptive behaviours. Journal of Counseling & Development , 92 (1), 47–56. https://doi.org/10.1002/j.1556-6676.2014.00129.x Amy, T. (2024). PowerPoint Presentation: Adlerian Approach. https://www.fanshaweonline.ca/d2l/le/content/1524737/viewContent/14669224/View Amy, T. (2024). PowerPoint Presentation: Debono’s Coloured Hats. https://www.fanshaweonline.ca/d2l/le/content/1524737/viewContent/14669233/View

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