PSYC304group assignment

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PSYC 304 Replication Project Assignment #1 (50 points total) 1. What research question(s) were Fiske and colleagues (2002) interested in answering? In other words, what was the purpose of the research in their article? State this purpose of their research or their research question as clearly and concisely as possible (in three or less sentences). (8 points) Fiske and colleagues wanted to understand how the axis of warmth and competence translated into perceived status and competition across racial prejudice, gender subgroups, and national stereotypes. They analyzed if stereotypes of competence were associated with high status and power and if warm out-groups were also seen as nice and as a non-competition group. Fiske et al examined how perceived warmth and competence differ across out-groups and if these stereotypes followed a diagonal progression, they scored highly on one axis but low on the other. 2. How did Fiske and colleagues (2002) attempt to answer their research question(s)? How many studies did they conduct? What methods did they employ in these studies? (8 points) Fiske et al used a preliminary study to rate 17 stereotypes on warmth and competence traits and the groups fell along the diagonal, where being high in competence also meant low on warmth and vice versa. A second preliminary study rated the same stereotype groups based on traits of competence and likeability for warmth and status and competition which resulted in perceived status predicting competence and perceived lack of warmth related to perceived competition. However, the researchers did note the preliminary studies are underdeveloped because they resulted in only two clusters which all stereotype models fell under and the stereotypes the participants were asked to rate were selected by the researchers so it could be said it would only be natural, they fit the research question. The pilot study asked participants to list between 8 and 16 groups formed by society based on ethnicity, race, gender etc. This gave the researchers the groups they would use in the rest of their studies. The first study asked participants to rate 23 pre-determined social groups on scales reflecting warmth, competence, and perceived status and competition and asked participants to rate each group based not on personal beliefs, but how they thought society viewed them. The pilot study for the second study asked University of Massachusetts undergraduates to think of categories of people that society has established, which of these groups they believe are thought of as low status and what group they consider themselves to be a member of. The second study was also a questionnaire with 25 rated social groups and slightly different traits were used to define warmth and competence. The third study was administered to people in various places in the country, but it was a shortened questionnaire, with only 6 groups being asked about, one from each of the main clusters established in the first study. The fourth study was designed to evaluate emotions in out-groups. Again, a questionnaire was assigned, participants were asked to rate each of the predetermined social groups (from Study 2) on a scale of 1-5 on 24 emotions. To conclude, Fiske et al used a preliminary study, four total studies, with Study 1, also having a preliminary questionnaire. They used the first two studies to establish the social Terrell 2/2/24

PSYC 304 Replication Project Assignment #1 (50 points total) groups they would ask about in later studies. Study 3 was used across the country and on a smaller scale to see if the clusters developed in the third study the way they were established in the second. Study 4 then evaluated emotional reactions participants had to the groups set in Study 2. Each study used a free response or questionnaire, and a Likert scale for Study 4. 3. What conclusions did Fiske et al. (2002) draw based on their research? In other words, what is the Stereotype Content Model (SCM) and what are the implications of this model? (8 points) Fisk et. al conducted research through 4 different studies. The first three studies found evidence that linked it to the dimensional hypothesis, mixed stereotypes hypothesis, and social structural correlates. Dimensional hypothesis is the idea that the way people perceive competence and warmth differ, between outgroup stereotypes. The mixed stereotypes hypothesis was also supported through this study. This is the idea that each group can only be seen as competent or warm but not at the same time. There was also evidence that the social structural correlates to be linked to this study. This is the idea that social status is related to competence and competition creates a lack of warmth. The fourth study discussed the emotional concomitants of stereotype contents. This is when people show feelings such as pity, envy, contempt, and admiration, which made them view others with different levels of warmth and competence. In other words, the stereotype content model is made up of a mixture of all of these. It is an idea that looks at how people perceive other groups of people through the dimensions of warmth and competence. This implies that people are predisposed to look at which category a person falls into when they first meet them. 4. How has this topic been studied by other researchers since that time? Describe the ways researchers have further investigated this topic by summarizing at least three empirical articles (most likely articles acquired from the Library Reference Assignment). (12 points) Summarize each article (4-6 sentences) and include in-text citations in APA format for each article you discuss. Your summary should include: an overview of the research question and hypothesis, a very brief overview of the method(s) used to answer their question, and an overview of their conclusion(s). Please note that your final paper should include 8-10 references, so this is just a starting point. In the study done by Motsi and Park (2020) the authors dove into how both warmth and competence influence the way that marketing shapes the image of products and countries to others. The study also took into account the extraneous variables of the level of economic development, and political and social history. They gathered information by asking students Terrell 2/2/24

PSYC 304 Replication Project Assignment #1 (50 points total) from a midwestern university in the United States to identify what countries they associate with the warmth and competence stereotypes. This was done through a convenience sample in exchange for class credit. Through this, Motsi and Park were able to find results that stereotypes are a strong ancedent of a decomposed country or origin. The results also showed that these stereotypes are an automatic mechanism by most and used to show stability of a country through social perceptions. Sadler et al. did this, through use of the stereotype content model and looking at the warmth and competence that people have towards those with mental illness. The researchers conducted two studies using questionnaires. In the first study they wanted to see where these participants rated people with mental illness. Each group that the people were rating were based off either warm, friendly, good-natured, and honest feelings or competent, intelligent, skilled, and capable. They found that people with mental disorders were found to be differentiated on the warmth scale more so than the competence scale. Different mental disorders were found to be rated differently. The study by White and Gardner (2009) aimed to investigate the activation of gender stereotypes in women and its impact on their perception. This was to study how stereotypes can affect people with salient gender identity, focusing on women who work in male- dominated industries. The modified Stroop Task was used to assess the automatic activation of gender stereotypes by measuring response times. The results showed that women with a salient gender identity had faster response times when matching female names with warm words compared to matching male names with warm words, indicating the activation of the stereotype that women are warm. The findings highlight women with the salient gender identity experienced activation of the positive dimension (ex. “woman” equals warm). This study also highlighted they should think of themselves as competent as well. 5. Describe some of the ideas your group has for replicating, extending, or conducting a project on this topic, based on the research you have read about. (10 points) We discussed developing a study to evaluate the implications of attractiveness alongside warmth and competence. We would conduct our study in a university setting. We wanted to generate AI images of people or use photos of celebrities who are conventionally attractive or unattractive. We would generate six images and then ask people to rate them on attractiveness on a scale of 1-5. We would then use the highest, lowest, and most average ranked image and create a backstory for each person. The backstories would be written to foster warmth or competence and again define them as status and competition. We would then create another study and display the photos with the backstories and ask people to rank their emotional responses to the images given what they now “knew” about the people in the images. 6. Include a reference list at the end this assignment . This reference list should include the Fiske et al. (2002) article as well as the articles you summarized in Question #4. (4 points) Terrell 2/2/24

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PSYC 304 Replication Project Assignment #1 (50 points total) Fiske, S. T., Cuddy, A. J. C., Glick, P., & Xu, J. (2002). A model of (often mixed) stereotype content: Competence and warmth respectively follow from perceived status and competition. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , 82 (6), 878– 902. https://doi-org.ezproxy.library.und.edu/10.1037/0022-3514.82.6.878 Motsi, T., & Park, J. E. (2020). National Stereotypes as Antecedents of Country-of-Origin Image: The Role of he Stereotype Content Model. Journal of International Consumer Marketing, 32(2),115–127. https://doiorg.ezproxy.library.und.edu/10.1080/08961530.2019.1653241 Sadler, M. S., Meagor, E. L., & Kaye, K. E. (2012). Stereotypes of mental disorders differ in competence and warmth.  Social Science & Medicine ,  74 (6), 915–922. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2011.12.019 White, J. B., & Gardner, W. L. (2009). Think women, think warm: Stereotype content activation in women with a salient gender identity, using a modified Stroop Task. Sex Roles: A Journal of Research , 60 (3–4), 247–260. https://doi- org.ezproxy.library.und.edu /10.1007/s11199-008-9526 Terrell 2/2/24

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