Fun Paper 3

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Feb 20, 2024

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Mohsina Rahman PSY 102 —- Psychology in the Modern World Instructor: Bob Melara Fall 2023 Fun Paper # 3: Designing a Stress Management Intervention for Students at City College INTRODUCTION: a. 3 effects of the COVID epidemic during the lockdown in NYC on the infection history of CCNY students were mainly elevated levels of stress, anxiety, depression, and PTSD. Also, living family conditions, employment, and work-life were affected by the COVID-19 epidemic. b. One of the biggest negative impacts of COVID-19 on CCNY students’ home lives and work was that the disease took away jobs and employment from these students and their families' lives. Of most students attending CCNY, 23% of their families fell under one of the lowest income- making quintiles in the surrounding environment (Castro et al. 2021). One positive effect of the lockdown for CCNY students was social interactions and plenty of support. During this time of chaos, students were very much enlightened by social support from their families and social life, creating positive motivation and experiences. c. Some of the gender differences in the impact of COVID-19 on CCNY students’ responses to the EPII and on their mental health functioning are that women had a higher percentage (95.6) of emotional health and well being while men had a slightly lower percentage (89.3%). Acknowledging that women hold a higher rate, this mostly defines that women had a smaller toll on their mental health functioning impacted by their health and well-being while men were more negatively impacted.. d. Overall, the hypothesis being

addressed in the study I am designing is that men were more impacted by the effects of COVID rather than women. METHOD: a. (i) The participants included in this study are from CUNY and the target population includes CUNY students from CCNY. Participants were selected and recruited for the study by email and then received credit after taking the survey. Also, those students who enrolled by email would enter a raffle, earning two $500 gift cards. I would sample the target population randomly to get more of an open view of different opinions since, if the population were to be chosen specifically, most answers would be related in a way to not see any differences. (ii) I plan on addressing Dr. Nishanthi’s concerns about assessing the baseline effects of COVID-19 on stress by seeing how many statements were given and how the participants were being tested to give an answer. I would test each group along with a different issue so, around 5 or more. Each group will test around 20-25 individuals and I would use a random assignment of participants to groups so we can get more variety of answers. b. (i) The stress management intervention used in the experimental group included a 0 to 4 scale; 0 being never and 4 representing always. I would address Dr. Nishanthi’s concern about spontaneous changes in stress by bringing up the means in which they differ. (ii) I plan to control gender differences by statistically showing the percentages presented in the first table in the article. For differences in infection history between groups, there’d be a mean variable, and also for the differences in depression between groups. (iii) Two other variables that I would need to control in this study are the differences in stress levels and employment rates. I would show this by including statistical graphs. c. I would define the dependent variable as the COVID-19 cases and the survey in this experiment. I might assess

the effects of stress management on academic performance by having the total average collected specifically from the participants answering the survey for stress. d. The independent variable would be the participants. RESULTS a. I would perform a statistical test on the experiment designed for Dr. Nishanthi by having COVID tests for the participants and the amount of participants using it would be a good analysis on how students chose to answer the survey or ignore it. b. I would calculate the variation between the experimental and control groups by finding the correlation coefficient between them. c. Statistical significance in research refers to the ratio of the acceptable degree of uncertainty about the true answer to the probability that the null hypothesis is true. We examine the distinction to be significant if the means of the two groups are broad in comparison to the differences we believe will occur from sample to sample. The difference won't be significant if there isn't much variance between the group means in comparison to the collection variability. CONCLUSION a. Dr. Nishanthi wouldn’t be correct if she concluded that stress management training reduces stress in all City College students because not all students or participants can find this training effective for their mental health. b. It’s possible that stress seems to increase over time in control groups because if effectiveness stays the same, the levels of stress would worsen and eventually increase. c. Stress management training has different effects on males versus females since each gender might intend to react differently to the training. d. All in all, two

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recommendations for improving Dr. Nishanthi’s study are to include a procedure for the experiment and create a broader survey, including other CUNYs.

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