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 o Which action-oriented therapeutic modality you would recommend for an individual suffering from post-traumatic stress, such as Peter? In Peter's Situation I feel Trama Focused CBT would be the most effective. TF-CBT is an evidenced-based approach for working with children and teens who have experienced a traumatic event (Gehart, 2015). o Discuss why that would be the best therapeutic approach. Include at least one reference. I believe this is the best approach due to its ability to address trauma in a unique way with each child and family. There are multiple clinical studies explaining the effectiveness of this form of therapy with children and adolescents who have experienced abuse or been traumatized. The flexibility to be able to adjust the treatment to the individual's specific situation or needs makes this type of treatment especially effective in PTSD as the trauma effects each individual differently. o Provide at least two specific examples of the interventions you would apply while working with someone like Peter. Include at least one research-based citation. I would start with providing psychoeducation about childhood trauma and trauma reminders, as well as re- traumatization. Once the education portion is complete, I would work with peter on coping and relaxation skills. Working toward connecting thoughts, feelings, and behaviors in positive ways. Gehart, D. R. (2015). Theory and Treatment Planning in Counseling and Psychotherapy (2nd ed.). Cengage Limited. https://capella.vitalsource.com/books/9781337 509510 Links to an external site. Emma Jane Watson. (n.d.). Trauma-focused CBT (TF- CBT): How it works, examples, & effectiveness . Choosing

Therapy. https://www.choosingtherapy.com/trauma- focused-cbt/ Links to an external site. Trauma-focused cognitive behavioral therapy (TF- CBT) . MUSC. (n.d.). https://medicine.musc.edu/departments/psychiatry/divis ions-and-programs/divisions/ncvc/programs/project- best/tf-cbt#:~:text=TF%2DCBT%20is%20the %20most,and%20other%20trauma%2Drelated %20problems. ReplyReply to Comment  Collapse Subdiscussion Tina Anaya Tina Anaya Feb 8, 2024Feb 8 at 6:24pm Manage Discussion Entry Which action-oriented therapeutic modality would you recommend for an individual suffering from post-traumatic stress, such as Peter? Peter is suffering from the memory of what happened to him, and it is affecting his daily life because he cannot get the horrific event out of his mind. He seems to fear going into public for fear of it happening again. I liked the A, B, C, and Model of Cognitive Therapy for Peter. To apply A-B-C analysis, begin with the Activating event, then identify the Consequences, and finally identify the underlying Belief. What alternative belief may be more accurate and/or more useful? The cognitive-behavioral approach involves four primary phases or steps: "Step 1: Assessment: Counseling begins by obtaining a detailed behavioral and/or cognitive assessment of

baseline functioning, including frequency, duration, and context of problem behaviors and thoughts. Step 2: Target behaviors/thoughts for change: Cognitive-behavioral counselors identify specific behaviors and thoughts for intervention (e.g., rather than the general goal of “improve mood,” the counselor would target “increasing engagement in pleasurable activities,” “initiating social contact,” etc.). Step 3: Educate: Counselors educate clients on their irrational thoughts and dysfunctional patterns, helping to motivate them to make changes. Step 4: Replace and retrain: Specific interventions are designed to replace dysfunctional behaviors and thoughts with more productive ones. Once the presenting symptoms have dissipated, treatment is ended" (Gehart, 2015, pg. 208). In reading the book called The Body Keeps the Score, Dr. Bessel Van Der Kolk, M.D. speaks to PTSD and CBT therapy. He worked with many war veterans, and they had similar issues due to the gun violence they experienced. He found fewer than one out of ten veterans completed the recommended treatment. This is due to the horrendous experiences that overwhelm the clients, which is not beneficial to them. I hope that with Peter, he will not have the same issue. I would also possibly refer Peter to a Psychiatrist for medication to help manage his symptoms. Paul needs to recognize his triggers and process his emotions concerning this horrific event. References Gehart, D. R. (2015). Theory and Treatment Planning in Counseling and Psychotherapy (2nd ed.). Cengage Limited. https://capella.vitalsource.com/books/9781337 509510 Links to an external site. ReplyReply to Comment o Collapse Subdiscussion Sara Tartaglia Sara Tartaglia Feb 9, 2024Feb 9 at 2:46pm Manage Discussion Entry

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Your post stood out to me so good job! Peter stated sometimes things will occur and he will get flashbacks or nothing could occur and he could have flashbacks. He said some things trigger them and other times, they come at random. The A part is the event that occurred, the B part is him remember it and getting flashbacks and the C part is it gives him anxiety and makes it hard to live life or do daily activities. The cognitive-behavioral approach involves four primary phases or steps: "Step 1: Assessment: Counseling begins by obtaining a detailed behavioral and/or cognitive assessment of baseline functioning, including frequency, duration, and context of problem behaviors and thoughts. A social worker could document how many times he is getting the flashbacks, for how long, and what occurs when he does (his actions). Step 2: Target behaviors/thoughts for change: Cognitive-behavioral counselors identify specific behaviors and thoughts for intervention (e.g., rather than the general goal of “improve mood,” the counselor would target “increasing engagement in pleasurable activities,” “initiating social contact,” etc.). The social worker can come up with ways that Peter can distract himself from getting those flashbacks or avoiding things that could trigger them. The times he gets them at random, he can do things to get him out of them or have the duration lessen. Step 3: Educate: Counselors educate clients on their irrational thoughts and dysfunctional patterns, helping to motivate them to make changes. The social worker and Peter can educate themselves on flashbacks and what causes them and more. They can track his patterns of flashbacks and see can be changed. Step 4: Replace and retrain: Specific interventions are designed to replace dysfunctional behaviors and thoughts with more productive ones. Once the presenting symptoms have dissipated, treatment is ended" (Gehart,

2015). The social worker and Peter can come up with a list of things Peter can do to make sure he is being successful and getting back to his "normal" life. Reference Gehart, D. R. (2015). Theory and Treatment Planning in Counseling and Psychotherapy (2nd ed.). Cengage Limited. https://capella.vitalsource.com/books/9 781337509510 Links to an external site. ReplyReply to Comment  Collapse Subdiscussion Nettie Jackson Nettie Jackson Feb 8, 2024Feb 8 at 7:20pm Manage Discussion Entry This week's discussion highlights the effects of gun violence in our country. Peter was shot seven times and survived. Although he managed to heal physically, Peter continues to live with the emotional scars and the effects of his trauma two years later. "Trauma" is described as the long-lasting negative consequences of an incident or set of incidents. This experience has the power to alter one's perspective of both the outside world and oneself. Anxiety, terror, and hypervigilance are common emotional and physical reactions to trauma. The two modalities that would benefit Peter are Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) and Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR), which are both effective forms of therapy that can assist those who suffer from anxiety, depression, PTSD, and other mental health concerns. CBT is the type of psychotherapy that will help Peter change his maladaptive negative thoughts and

behaviors. The ideology of CBT is that thoughts, feelings, and actions are interrelated (Beck, 2023). Therefore, we can change our emotions and behavior by changing our thoughts (Beck, 2023). Peter's fear is evidenced by the fact that he does not leave the house and that he keeps his blinds closed two years after the trauma. The second is EMDR. EMDR therapy has been proven to help individuals with a variety of different conditions. However, EMDR therapy is most widely known to help individuals who suffer from the effects of trauma and PTSD. Some symptoms of this may look like anxiety, panic, depression, feeling stuck, and nightmares. Dealing with these symptoms may decrease the quality of someone's day-to-day life and make it difficult for them to complete what used to be considered a primary task. Other conditions that EMDR can help with include bipolar disorder, psychosis, anxiety disorders, substance abuse, and eating disorders. Adams, R., Ohlsen, S., & Wood, E. (2020). Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) for the treatment of psychosis: A systematic review. European Journal of Psysholtraumatology, 11 (1). doi:https://doi.org/ 10.1080/20008198.2019.1711349Beck, J. (2023). Cognitive Behavior Therapy. Basics and Beyond . Cournoyer, B. (2012). Crisis intervention. SAGA Publications LTD . Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.4135/9781446247648 Thompson, N., & Stepney, P. (2017). Social Work Theory and Methods: The Essentials. Routledge. ReplyReply to Comment o Collapse Subdiscussion Tina Anaya Tina Anaya SaturdayFeb 10 at 8:59pm Manage Discussion Entry

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Hi Nettie, It is interesting how certain events may be traumatic enough to give someone PTSD and yet not others. It is important to remember that even a car accident could cause PTSD or a dog bite. It is entirely based on each person as an individual. As a therapist, we have to remember that even if it seems small or insignificant to us, it could have been overly traumatic to the client. If you like to read, I recommend the book called "The Body Keeps the Score" by Dr. Bessel Van Der Kolk. I learned so much about PTSD by reading this book. I originally thought of PTSD being for military veterans returning from war. That was just the opening of the discovery of PTSD and its effects on people. It also taught me that each traumatic event can cause PTSD in an individual. We never know what might invoke PTSD in a person, but we must be there to help them through it. I also learned that when working with veterans with PTSD, they are more likely to speak with a veteran therapist than a civilian therapist. I just gained some ah- ha knowledge from the book; it makes sense. Thank you for sharing. ReplyReply to Comment  Collapse Subdiscussion Meghann Holloway Meghann Holloway SundayFeb 11 at 6:23pm Manage Discussion Entry Tina, you mentioned how Bessel van der Kolk expanded your view on what PTSD looks like and what events precipitate it’s onset. You also mentioned one of the most important things to remember when talking about PTSD and that trauma is truly in the eyes of the beholder. We can talk about types of events that are likely to cause distress, but the actual impact of an event is really just a unique combination of innate resiliency, protective factors, risk

factors, supportive networks, and finally the event itself. Even though we feel like we have a good understanding of PTSD, there is actually still a lot of variance in the field about trauma and how it manifests. I do a lot of research on trauma and teach trauma informed policing several times throughout the year. Full disclosure, I am a BIG fan of Bessel and believe he really broke the PTSD stigma of it simply being an issue of the mind and expanded it to also include “issues in the tissues” but I recently discovered Lisa Feldman Barrett. Barrett has a few great videos available on YouTube and a few books but something she said in her video about trauma went directly in opposition to Bessel. She said that the body doesn’t keep the score, completely contradicting Bessel. She contends instead that the brain actually keeps the score, the body is simply the scorecard. This may seem like a really minor difference between the two, but I have chewed on this statement ever since I heard it. I think it’s important as we continue to grow as clinicians we also continue to explore new ways to look at diagnoses that we think we already know what we need to know about them. Thanks for recognizing that sentiment in your post! ReplyReply to Comment  Collapse Subdiscussion Faith Conway Faith Conway Feb 8, 2024Feb 8 at 9:33pm Manage Discussion Entry

PTSD is a complicated disorder. In my experience working in the mental health field for the past 9 years, I have noticed that the majority of people who struggle with any mental health condition have experienced a traumatic event in the past. For the scenario this week, I would use exposure therapy to address the symptoms associated with the traumatic event. This action- oriented modality reduces symptoms by gradually exposing a client to triggers to become desensitized over time. Exposure therapy is a useful tool in reducing symptoms of PTSD (Norman et al., 2019). I have used this technique when working with clients in my internship and have found it to reduce her symptoms. I have a client who has not been able to take her medical or psychiatric medications. We have used exposure therapy to desensitize her emotional responses to her medications. At the stage she is at, she will hold the medication bottle in her hand for as long as she can. Once she gets more comfortable in that stage, she will move on to taking the pills out of the bottle. This same technique can be adapted to Peret's situation regarding his triggers and fears. It could, instead be gradual exposure to the places certain places and things that increase his anxiety. First, starting with small triggers and then working up to the ones that render stronger responses (Norman et al., 2019). Reference Norman, S. B., Trim, R., Haller, M., Davis, B. C., Myers, U. S., Colvonen, P. J., Blanes, E., Lyons, R., Siegel, E. Y., Angkaw, A. C., Norman, G. J., & Mayes, T. (2019). Efficacy of integrated exposure therapy vs integrated coping skills therapy for comorbid posttraumatic stress disorder and alcohol use disorder: A randomized clinical trial. JAMA Psychiatry (Chicago, Ill.), 76 (8), 791- 799. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2019.0638 Links to an external site. ReplyReply to Comment o Collapse Subdiscussion Atiya Dunn Atiya Dunn Feb 9, 2024Feb 9 at 2:23pm

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Manage Discussion Entry Good afternoon Faith. Your post was very interesting and very detailed. I never heard of exposure therapy. So that was something that I really had to look into. I agree with you about PTSD. It is a very complicated and difficult disorder to deal with. I work at a VA Medical Center working strictly with veterans and there are alot of veterans that come in to see behavioral social workers due to them having severe PTSD. They also come in due to running out of their medications and need a refill. Me working as an advanced medical support assistant, I see what individuals with PTSD go through especially when they run out of their medications. Majority of the veterans that have PTSD, they get it from being in the military mainly at war. One of the interventions that I chose was the individual counseling sessions. By Peter getting shot seven times and actually surviving, his counseling session would be considered a crisis situation. That way the sessions will last longer because he will need a longer session and also be seen at least twice a week. Great post!!! ReplyReply to Comment  Collapse Subdiscussion Janayia Thompson Janayia Thompson Feb 8, 2024Feb 8 at 10:41pm Manage Discussion Entry When working with Peter, who was shot seven times, I would focus on implementing an action-oriented therapy. One such therapy that I would recommend for gunshot wound victims is TF-CBT, or trauma- focused cognitive behavioral therapy. TF-CBT is most often effective when used with children (McGuire et al.,2021) but the therapy has still been proven to help alleviate some of the symptoms associated with PTSD.

When delivering this type of therapy, I would also see how Peter feels about telehealth as two years later he is still not fully comfortable leaving his home. Telehealth has been proven to be just as successful at treating PTSD as in person with both types producing positive results (Morland et al., 2020). I would also look into EMDR for Peter. EMDR, eye movement desensitization reprocessing is a structured eight stage process that works to treat PTSD although it has been used to treat other disorders but not as successfully (Perlini et al., 2020). Both methods have proven successful with treating PTSD as well as Peter having the option of teletherapy this could help to ease some of his symptoms. McGuire, A., Steele, R. G., & Singh, M. N. (2021). Systematic review on the application of trauma-focused cognitive behavioral therapy (TF-CBT) for preschool- aged children. Clinical Child and Family Psychology Review , 24 , 20-37. Morland, L. A., Wells, S. Y., Glassman, L. H., Greene, C. J., Hoffman, J. E., & Rosen, C. S. (2020). Advances in PTSD treatment delivery: Review of findings and clinical considerations for the use of telehealth interventions for PTSD. Current Treatment Options in Psychiatry , 7 , 221-241. Perlini, C., Donisi, V., Rossetti, M. G., Moltrasio, C., Bellani, M., & Brambilla, P. (2020). The potential role of EMDR on trauma in affective disorders: a narrative review. Journal of affective disorders , 269 , 1-11. ReplyReply to Comment o Collapse Subdiscussion Paige Funk Paige Funk SaturdayFeb 10 at 9:09pm Manage Discussion Entry Janayia, I like that you brought telehealth to the table due to his struggles. This would allow him to get the support he needs in a more convenient way. I chose to pursue EMDR with Peter as it has

proven to be very effective and can help reduce symptoms faster than TF-CBT. It can also be done through telehealth if Peter did not want to come into an office. I think that the appeal for EMDR would be that Peter is having some significant symptoms if he does not want to leave his home and could provide relief faster. EMDR also involves less talk therapy, which could also be attractive to Peter (de Jongh et. al., 2019). Thank you, Paige Funk Reference: de Jongh, A., Amann, B. L., Hofmann, A., Farrell, D., & Lee, C. W. (2019). The status of EMDR therapy in the treatment of posttraumatic stress disorder 30 years after its introduction. Journal of EMDR Practice and Research , 13 (4), 261-269. ReplyReply to Comment  Collapse Subdiscussion Atiya Dunn Atiya Dunn Feb 9, 2024Feb 9 at 2:10pm Manage Discussion Entry "Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a psychiatric disorder that may occur in people who have experienced or witnessed a traumatic event, series of events or set of circumstances. An individual may experience this as emotionally or physically harmful or life-threatening and may affect mental, physical, social, and/or spiritual well-being. Examples include natural disasters, serious accidents, terrorist acts, war/combat, rape/sexual assault, historical trauma, intimate partner violence and bullying," (PTSD, n.d.).

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The action-oriented therapeutic modality that would be recommended for an individual suffering from post- traumatic stress would be Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT). "It's primary evidence base has been with borderline personality, but over the years it has been increasingly used with other difficult-to-treat populations, such as eating disorders, depressive disorders, bipolar disorders, substance use disorders, self-harming adolescents, anger/aggressive behavior, and other personality disorders as well. In the individual sessions, the counselor establishes a relationship that constantly balances validating and nurturing clients while also maintaining clear limits and demanding behavioral change. On the other hand, in the group sessions, the clients are taught a standard curriculum of psychosocial skills. Therefore, these skills are also practiced at home with worksheets and reinforced in individual meetings with counselors," (Gehart, pg. 246). This would be the best therapeutic approach because being that Peter went out to the PUB to watch a game and have some drinks, he did not know what happened to him was going to happen. Peter got shot seven times at point blank and survived. "Therefore, Peter would first need to be in a one on one session with a counselor to build that relationship that will constantly balance validation and some nurturing while trying to maintain clear limits and also demand some behavioral changes," (Gehart, 2015). Two specific examples of the interventions that would be applied while working with someone like Peter would be individual counseling sessions and group skills training. "In individual counseling sessions, the client's individual counselor serves as the primary person overseeing treatment, helping the client replace borderline behaviors with more effective ones. Typically, clients meet once per week with their primary counselor for about 45-50 minutes. However, during a crisis, or for more severe situations, sessions may last 90-120 minutes long. With the group skills training, the first year of treatment, Linehan requires that the clients attend a weekly two-hour group skills training to learn alternative coping skills. On the other hand, this group evolved because Linehan found it exceptionally difficult to focus on skills training in

individual sessions due to the ongoing crisis that characterize the borderline diagnosis. Therefore, an optional supportive group process is available in Linehan's clinics after a client has successfully completed the one-year group," (Gehart, 2015). Gehart, Diane R. Theory and Treatment Planning in Counseling and Psychotherapy. Available from: Capella, (2nd Edition). Cengage Limited, 2015. https://www.pyschiatry.org Links to an external site. . ReplyReply to Comment  Collapse Subdiscussion Jay Ridge Jay Ridge SaturdayFeb 10 at 9:58am Manage Discussion Entry In the case of Peter, who suffers from PTSD, I would use trauma-informed therapy to help him manage his symptoms of living with PTSD. Trauma-informed therapy is considered beneficial for individuals with PTSD because it recognizes the importance of understanding the trauma and its impact. This approach creates a safe and supportive environment for individuals to process their traumatic experiences, leading to reduced symptoms of PTSD and improved overall well-being. By incorporating trauma-informed principles, therapy can help individuals develop healthy coping mechanisms, restore a sense of control, and promote healing and recovery. There are two interventions that can help Peter cope with his PTSD. These are creating a safety plan and developing trust through cultural resources, peer support, transparency, and collaboration and empowerment for Peter. Creating safety:

Developing a nurturing voice: Developing a nurturing voice inside Peter's head can help him cope with his PTSD by providing him with positive affirmations, encouragement, and support during challenging situations. This internal voice can help him challenge negative thought patterns, build resilience, and develop a more confident and empowered mindset. By nurturing a positive inner voice, Peter can develop a stronger sense of self-worth, manage his symptoms more effectively, and navigate his journey towards healing and recovery. Develop a crisis plan: Creating a crisis plan for Peter involves assessing his specific triggers and high-risk situations, and then developing strategies to minimize and manage those triggers. This may include identifying safe spaces, establishing emergency contacts, and practicing relaxation techniques. Additionally, the plan should outline steps to take during a crisis, such as seeking professional help, utilizing grounding techniques, and utilizing support systems. Regularly reviewing the plan and adjusting it as needed is crucial for its effectiveness in aiding Peter's coping and management of his PTSD symptoms. Developing trust: Transparency and collaboration with the social worker can help Peter's healing process by providing him with a safe and supportive environment to share his experiences and insights. By being transparent, Peter can build trust with his therapist and feel comfortable discussing his traumatic experiences. Collaboration allows for a collaborative approach to treatment. This is where Peter and the therapist can work together to develop coping strategies, set treatment goals, and make decisions. This is based on Peter's unique needs and preferences. This collaborative approach promotes empowerment and control over Peter's healing process. Peer support: Peter could consider joining a peer support group for individuals with PTSD, where he can connect with others who are going through similar experiences and provide and receive emotional support. He could also explore joining a therapy group that focuses on trauma and PTSD, where he can learn coping strategies and engage in group therapy sessions.

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Additionally, Peter could consider participating in peer support programs that provide mentorship and guidance from individuals who have successfully healed from PTSD, offering him advice and real-life success stories to inspire his own journey. Reference AllCEUs Counseling Education. (2018). Trauma Informed Interventions | Trauma Informed Care. In YouTube . https://www.youtube.com/watch? v=5_UD36xPi8Y ReplyReply to Comment  Collapse Subdiscussion Paige Funk Paige Funk SaturdayFeb 10 at 9:03pm Manage Discussion Entry I’m not sure why this did not post on Wednesday when I wrote it, but let’s try it again! I have been reading literature on Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR). This form of therapy is also compared to Trauma-Focused Cognitive Behavioral Therapy or TF-CBT (Gehart, 2015). I feel that EMDR is more effective than TF-CBT based on the information I have gained through literature and the cited article. I have picked this not only because of my research, but also through experiences I have witnessed from a friend who was struggling with Post Traumatic Stress Disorder and raved about the efficiency of EMDR. TF-CBT, like normal Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, is meant to be short term for individuals. Individuals work towards the ultimate goal of reducing their trauma and building confidence in their ability to either use coping strategies or be free of triggers using imaginal exposure (Gehart, 2015). EMDR also seeks to do the same and

has been around for 35 years when the first trial on record occurred in 1989. EMDR uses eye movements to help individuals work through their trauma. While eye movements are occurring, individuals reprocess their trauma and can associate different emotions with it. This therapy also allows for decreased talking through the situation to reduce retraumatizing an individual. While both TF-CBT and EMDR have been proven effective, it is discussed that EMDR takes few sessions to reach relief (de Jongh et. al., 2019). Reference: de Jongh, A., Amann, B. L., Hofmann, A., Farrell, D., & Lee, C. W. (2019). The status of EMDR therapy in the treatment of posttraumatic stress disorder 30 years after its introduction. Journal of EMDR Practice and Research , 13 (4), 261-269. Gehart, D. R. (2015). Theory and Treatment Planning in Counseling and Psychotherapy (2nd ed.). Cengage Limited. https://capella.vitalsource.com/books/9781337509510 ReplyReply to Comment o Collapse Subdiscussion Janayia Thompson Janayia Thompson SundayFeb 11 at 9:42pm Manage Discussion Entry Hi Paige I had not heard much about EMDR but saw a lot of our classmates discussing it and seeming more comfortable with the topic than myself. I’m glad it worked so well for your friend. I plan to do more research on it as the topic is interesting and works well for those suffering from PTSD. I find it so interesting how EMDR works as I still have difficulty imaging eye movement actually affecting an individuals mood to such an extent. ReplyReply to Comment o

Collapse Subdiscussion Mamie Flynn Mamie Flynn SundayFeb 11 at 9:46pm Manage Discussion Entry Paige, Thank you for your post. I had selected EMDR as well. One of the social workers at the veteran's shelter where I am interning practices EMDR and believes it is a valuable tool that can be very helpful in many cases. He shared with me the name and website of a local individual who offers certification in our area. I am incredibly excited to learn more about this particular treatment method. I steered clear of TF-CBT due to the primary use being on children and adolescents. I was thinking that REBT would be another suitable treatment method for PTSD. ReplyReply to Comment o Collapse Subdiscussion Faith Conway Faith Conway SundayFeb 11 at 10:17pm Manage Discussion Entry Hello, Paige Thank you for selecting to share what you were able to learn about EMDR. I find this intervention very interesting and have many friends who have been trained in this form of therapy. I think that the science behind how it works to reprocess trauma is very interesting, and how effective this type of therapy is shown to be as well. Thanks again for sharing. ReplyReply to Comment  Collapse Subdiscussion Mamie Flynn Mamie Flynn

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SundayFeb 11 at 9:40pm Manage Discussion Entry For the treatment of PTSD, I would like to learn and use Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing EMDR therapy. According to Russel & Shapiro (2022), this process has been recommended and validated empirically by the World Health Organization. In this process, the clinician has the individual recall the stressful event while focusing on an object and moving their eyes back and forth following that object. This process is said to assist the brain in removing the stress response from the memory. Another intervention that could be extremely useful with PTSD is Rational Emotive Behavioral Therapy. This could help the individual identify the belief system tied to the emotional behavior and address those learning to control thoughts, behaviors, and emotions. Reference: Russell, M. C., & Shapiro, F. (2022;2021;). Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) therapy (1st ed.). American Psychological Association. https://doi.org/10.1037/0000273-000 Links to an external site. ReplyReply to Comment  Collapse Subdiscussion Amber Atkins Amber Atkins SundayFeb 11 at 10:18pm Manage Discussion Entry Good evening, Cognitive- behavioral approach is the action oriented therapeutic modality that i would recommend for an individual suffering from post traumatic stress. This would be the best approach because the counselors use both behavioral and cognitive techniques to treat the clients symptoms (Gehart, 2015).

Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) is an intervention that I would recommend for an individual that is suffering from post-traumatic stress because with this technique is a form of exposure therapy where the counselor uses rapid eye movement to create bilateral stimulation of the brain while the client imagines the traumatic experience (Gehart, 2015). In vivo exposure and flooding is another intervention that can be used to address the anxieties that are associated with the traumatic experience. In vivo exposure and flooding the client is put in a real-life situation which would trigger them, where the counselor would support them as they face this fear (Gehart, 2015). Reference Gehart, D. R. (2015). Theory and Treatment Planning in Counseling and Psychotherapy (2nd ed.). Cengage Limited. https://capella.vitalsource.com/books/9781337509510 ReplyReply to Comment o Collapse Subdiscussion Jay Ridge Jay Ridge SundayFeb 11 at 10:49pm Manage Discussion Entry Hi Amber, I would use trauma-informed therapy to help him manage his PTSD symptoms. Trauma- informed therapy is considered beneficial for individuals with PTSD because it recognizes the importance of understanding trauma and its impact. Examples of specific techniques used in trauma-informed therapy include cognitive processing therapy (CPT), eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR), and trauma-focused cognitive-behavioural therapy (TF-CBT). These techniques help individuals with PTSD process their traumatic experiences, reduce negative emotions and memories, and develop healthier coping strategies ( Cognitive Processing Therapy for PTSD - PTSD: National

Center for PTSD , n.d.). Overall, I like how you talk about other therapy methods to help with people with PTSD in your post. Overall, I like how you talk about other therapy methods to help people with PTSD in your post. Reference Cognitive Processing Therapy for PTSD - PTSD: National Center for PTSD . (n.d.). Www.ptsd.va.gov. https://www.ptsd.va.gov/understand_tx/cognitiv e_processing.asp#:~:text=Cognitive %20Processing%20Therapy%20(CPT)%20is ReplyReply to Comment  Collapse Subdiscussion Maeve Haggerty Maeve Haggerty SundayFeb 11 at 11:36pm Manage Discussion Entry For an individual suffering from post-traumatic stress, I would recommend Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy (REBT). A pioneering action-oriented approach, it had an influence on many later therapeutic modalities, including cognitive behavioral therapy, dialectical behavior therapy, and acceptance and commitment therapy. This approach works with cognition, emotion, and behavior, and emphasizes the control we have over these things. REBT is a compassionate and optimistic approach that proposes people can work to change their unhelpful emotions and beliefs (Ellis, 2015). Because PTSD includes symptoms of persistent negative emotions, strong negative beliefs, distorted cognitions, and inability to feel positive emotions (APA, 2021), I think REBT would be an appropriate approach to address these factors and more. A study from Grove et al. (2021) found that a short-term REBT group treatment was effective at improving PTSD symptoms in veterans, and another study found REBT to improve

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symptoms of psychological distress in women who experienced childhood sexual abuse (Riekert & Möller, 2000). This evidence adds to my decision to choose this approach for people with post-traumatic stress. With someone who has experienced a traumatic event and has post-traumatic stress from it, I would use the ABC model to address some of the symptoms. This model proposes that an a ctivating event, (in this case, a traumatic event), leads to b eliefs about the event (e.g. I’m not safe outside my house, or all men are bad), which then leads to c onsequences, both emotional and behavioral (Gehart, 2015). Other techniques involved with this intervention include use of positive/healthy distraction to deal with strong emotions, psychoeducation, and use of humor as a coping tool (Ellis,. I would emphasize these tools when helping a client with post-traumatic stress with REBT. References Ellis, D. J. (2015). Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy. In Neukrug, E. S. (ed.), The SAGE encyclopedia of theory in counseling and psychotherapy . SAGE Publications, Inc., https://doi.org/10.4135/9781483346502 Gehart, D. R. (2015). Theory and treatment planning in counseling and psychotherapy (2nd ed.). Cengage Learning. https://bookshelf.vitalsource.com/books/978133750951 0 Grove, A. B., Kurtz, E. D., Wallace, R. E., Sheerin, C. M., & Scott, S. M. (2021). Effectiveness of a Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy (REBT)-informed group for post-9/11 veterans with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Military Psychology, 33 (4), 217–227. https://doi.org/10.1080/08995605.2021.1897496 Rieckert, J. & Möller, A. T. (2000). Rational-Emotive Behavior Therapy in the treatment of adult victims of childhood sexual abuse. Journal of Rational-Emotive & Cognitive-Behavior Therapy, 18 , 87–101. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1007824719770 ReplyReply to Comment Previous Week 5 Study Next Week 5 Prepare: Discussion Preparation

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