2nd final proj creative statistical analysis

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University of Utah *

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Feb 20, 2024

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(limate (hange 3Normals (reative 8Statistical &nalysis ± 5P8SY ²³³³ &idan (larken

.ntroduction 9This dataset captures the :U´8S´ daily climate normals from µ"!µ to ¶³µ³´ 9These climate normals are averages of meteorological parameters for thousands of stations in the ·³ states of the :U´8S´ as well as other :U´8S´ territories and commonwealths and a station in (anada´ .t is meant to show how these climate normals have changed over ²³ years´ 9This dataset is particularly interesting to me because . find climate change fascinating´ 9This data provides a unique perspective on climate change because it offers such a long period of scientifically gathered data´ 8Specifically¸ data was collected over ²¹º months´ 9There are a series of important variables in this dataset which are the station name¸ longitude¸ latitude¸ elevation¸ daily minimum temperature normal¸ daily maximum temperature normal¸ and month±to±date precipitation´ <Weather stations around the country and accompanying territories capture the temperature and precipitation daily´ +or this project . focused on the samples pulled from the 5Peterburg¸ ;V& station´ 9Through this data¸ . hope to answer three main questions# )id the average temperature change over the past ²³ years »max ¼ min½¸ are daily maximum temperature and precipitation correlated¸ and has precipitation increased over the past ²³ years$ 9These research questions are meant to give a better picture of how climate change has affected our *arth over the last ² decades´

7R (ode

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8Statistical &nalysis ¾ )escriptive 8Statistics ± 7Research 6Question µ +or the first research question¸ . used one±sided independent t±tests to test whether or not the daily temperatures had changed´ +or the independent t±tests . used the mean daily temperature of ! ´¹ from the data itself´ 9This allowed me to test if the temperature had increased over the average daily temperature through examining the maximum and minimum´ . used these statistical tests on both the maximum daily temperatures recorded and the minimum daily temperatures´ 9The resulting p±values for the t±test showed me two specific things´ 4One¸ the daily temperatures for both maximum and minimum have not increased with both p±values being roughly µ with an alpha of ³´·´ .n testing the opposite side for an increase¸ . found extremely small p±values near ¶´¶e±µ¹´ 9This shows that there was in fact an increase´ .n the greater context of climate change¸ this shows that temperatures are on the rise in the case of both minimum temperatures and maximum temperatures reached´ 9The box plots show are consistent with this finding especially with the addition of the colored lines signifying the mean as less than the median to show the left skew´

8Statistical &nalysis ¾ )escriptive 8Statistics ± 7Research 6Question ¶ (onsidering the second research question¸ . performed a correlation test¸ specifically a 5Pearson correlation test´ 9The results were 7R»²¹º½ & µ·´·µº where p & µ´¶e±µ¶¸ much less than the alpha of ³´·´ 9The correlation coefficient for the daily maximum temperature and precipitation was ³´¹¶µº with a p value of ³´¶¶e±µ³´ 7Reading these statistical results¸ we can see there is a positive correlation between maximum temperature and precipitation´ &s one increases¸ the other tends to follow suit´ 9This makes sense in the larger scope of earth science because a warmer atmosphere can hold more water vapor¸ which in turn leads to more precipitation´ &s the maximum temperatures reached daily increase¸ the *arth attempts to combat this increase in temperature with a greater amount of precipitation through its natural processes including the water cycle´

8Statistical &nalysis ¾ )escriptive 8Statistics ± 7Research 6Question ² +or my final research question in involving an increase in precipitation overall over the past ² decades¸ . did a 5Pearson correlation test to test whether date and precipitation were correlated´ 9The 5Pearson test showed that 7R»²¹º½ & ²´º! !¸ p & ³´³³³·º¹!¸ meaning they are correlated in a statistically significant way´ . interpret this as meaning that as we have moved forward in date to the current day from ²³ years ago¸ precipitation has in fact increased which is visible in my graphs´

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