Developmental Theory Case Study

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Feb 20, 2024

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DEVELOPMENTAL THEORY CASE STUDY 1 Developmental Theory Case Study Kimberly Baird Maryville University

DEVELOPMENTAL THEORY CASE STUDY 2 Developmental Theory Case Study The Case IT is a Hispanic/Caucasian male, 15 years old, physically fit, athletic, poor student struggling in school, living with his single mother and five younger siblings. He enjoys playing football in school but cannot participate due to insufficient academic progress. After a long absence, his father has not been a strong influence in his life and has now returned for the last three years. His father has remarried, has two stepchildren close in age to IT, and lives in a town approximately 4 hours away. He visits with his father several times yearly for a weekend or extended visits over Christmas break from school. IT is also struggling with multiple episodes of acting out, running away, violent outbursts, juvenile delinquency, and attends school sporadically. He is currently being treated as an outpatient in a local mental health facility. He admits to being sexually active, has a girlfriend, and that he has experimented with drugs and alcohol. He presents today with his mother for evaluation for a skin condition that appears to be vitiligo that his family noticed approximately three years ago. His skin is brown, with several large areas noted with significant loss of pigment. These areas include around bilateral eyes, bilateral hands that extend to the wrist, and bilateral legs around the knees, with the left leg having a significantly larger affected area. Developmental Theory Application According to Freud's Stages of Human Development, IT is in the genital stage. During this stage, according to Freud, individuals will develop a strong sexual interest in the opposite sex and will begin to explore more intimate relationships, and interest in awareness of another

DEVELOPMENTAL THEORY CASE STUDY 3 person's needs begins to grow (Cherry, 2023b). Based on his theory and the behaviors exhibited by IT, he may not have completed the earlier stages of this theory successfully. Freud believed that if a person proceeds through each stage successfully, the person should now be a caring and warm individual and have a well-balanced relationship within the family and in creating new relationships. Erickson's Stages of Development Theory suggests that IT is in Stage 5 of his theory: Identity vs. Confusion. He believes that during this time, an individual is developing their identity, which will continue to influence how they behave and design for the remainder of their life. As young children start exploring their independence, with appropriate encouragement and positive reinforcement, they should develop a strong sense of self and the ability to successfully manage autonomy and control over their actions and emotions (Cherry, 2022a). Based on IT's behavior, acting out, running away, and experimenting with drugs and alcohol, he seems to be struggling in this stage and finding his identity. Piaget's Theory of Cognitive Development suggests that IT is in the Formal Operational Stage, the last stage of his theory. He describes that during this stage, an individual can think more abstractly and be able to process hypothetical problems. They begin to think about more theoretical problems involving moral, social, philosophical, and political issues (Cherry, 2023c). IT seems to be struggling in this area as well. He is acting out, running away, and engaging in illegal activity. John Bowlby's Attachment Theory discusses the importance of developing solid emotional bonds early in childhood (Cherry, 2023a). While IT is beyond the stage of development of strong emotional bonds, it can be surmised that those bonds were not secured during early childhood.

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DEVELOPMENTAL THEORY CASE STUDY 4 Albert Bandura developed the Social Learning Theory and believed that most learning occurs through observation of their environment and imitating and modeling the behaviors they encounter. He suggests that learning occurs when they observe consequences related to another person's behavior and that this is a process of conditioning and cognitive theory (Cherry, 2022b). IT has been primarily raised by a single mother working to support herself and her six children. This could explain his current struggles and behavior depending on the influences IT was exposed to as a child. Lev Vygotsky developed the Sociocultural Theory and believed that the people and culture surrounding them as young children play a role in developing the brain's higher-order functions. He believed cognitive function was formed based on interactions with more skilled people. This growth is guided by those who act as mentors, teachers, parents, and other adults. This differs from Piaget's theory because he believed social factors significantly influenced development, which can vary between cultures. His focus was more on social interactions than Piaget's cognitive development (Cherry, 2022c). Sara Smilansky worked closely with Piaget, which led to the development the three play categories. However, she focused mainly on how children play and found that children engage in four types of play. While IT is outside this developmental stage, she believed that sociodramatic play was essential in a child's learning (Wikipedia The Free Encyclopedia, 2023). Anticipated Treatment Plan and Care Summary In practice, I would expect to obtain a complete family history related to an increased risk to people with a family history of this condition. I would also order lab testing to determine if there is any source of autoimmune disease resulting in this condition. I would also consult with his mental health provider to address any precipitating emotional distress that may have triggered

DEVELOPMENTAL THEORY CASE STUDY 5 this condition, as well as assist him in coping with low self-esteem and a poor self-image, which could affect his quality of life and could be contributing to his behavior (National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, 2022). I would also medically manage this condition with medications and referral to a dermatologist.

DEVELOPMENTAL THEORY CASE STUDY 6 References Cherry, K. (2022a, August 3). Erickson's stages of development . Verywellmind. Retrieved February 4, 2024, from https://www.verywellmind.com/erik-eriksons-stages-of- psychosocial-development-2795740 Cherry, K. (2022b, October 14). How social learning theory works . Verywellmind. Retrieved February 4, 2024, from https://www.verywellmind.com/social-learning-theory-2795074 Cherry, K. (2022c, November 8). What is Sociocultural theory . Verywellmind. Retrieved February 4, 2024, from https://www.verywellmind.com/what-is-sociocultural-theory- 2795088 Cherry, K. (2023, October 24). Piaget's 4 stages of cognitive development explained . Verywellmind. Retrieved February 4, 2024, from https://www.verywellmind.com/piagets-stages-of-cognitive-development-2795457 Cherry, K. (2023a, February 22). What is attachment theory . Verywellmind. Retrieved February 4, 2024, from https://www.verywellmind.com/what-is-attachment-theory-2795337 Cherry, K. (2023b, March 13). Freud's stages of human development . Verywellmind. Retrieved February 4, 2024, from https://www.verywellmind.com/freuds-stages-of-psychosexual- development-2795962 National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases. (2022, October 22). Vitiligo: diagnosis, treatment, and steps to take . Retrieved February 4, 2024, from https://www.niams.nih.gov/health-topics/vitiligo#:~:text=Vitiligo%20is%20a%20chronic %20(long,turn%20a%20milky%2Dwhite%20color. Wikipedia The Free Encyclopedia. (2023, February 8). Sara Smilansky. In Wikipedia . Retrieved February 4, 2024, from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sara_Smilansky

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