COUN5241_w9a1_D.V.Group Counseling Sessions.docx

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Running head: DOMESTIC VIOLENCE GROUP SESSIONS 1 Domestic Violence Group Counseling Sessions Grace Belt Capella University COUN5421: Group Counseling and Psychotherapy Dr. Dale Wayman September 10th, 2023

Domestic Violence Group Sessions 2 Introduction The target population for this proposed group is victims of domestic violence. The group will be designed as a psychotherapy group. Specifically, a revolving membership group where clients may join until they accomplish their goals, as needed. The group's title will be “Sounding Board,” which promotes anonymity, vagueness, and a non-obvious approach to the group. Domestic violence victims tend to live in hostile environments where their behaviors and routines are monitored or manipulated (James & Gilliland, 2016). It is essential for the counselor to respect and adhere to these factors while working with this population. The name “Sounding Board” could be construed as a board game group, a music group, or anything else the victim can use to hide their plan for recovery from a toxic partnership. The group will be described as a support group to promote connections among domestic violence victims by providing a confidential and safe space for healing without fear of scrutiny. In this support group, each victim can learn about various types of domestic abuse, gain support from other victims or survivors, and foster rapport and personal growth from shared experiences. This support group will meet weekly for 4 to 6 months, depending on need and attrition. The purpose of this group is to establish healthy coping mechanisms, gain confidence and autonomy and build a trusted community of like-minded and experienced individuals. The rationale is to promote advocacy for domestic violence victims. The Journal of Women and Social Work published an article that analyzed multiple theoretical frameworks while working with intimate partner violence. The findings “revealed that empowerment, feminism, and strengths-based perspective are dominant lenses for practice,” but that professionals are more open to “adopting hope theory” as an emerging clinical model (Wood, 2014). Feminism theory promotes the importance of social context, addresses personal

Domestic Violence Group Sessions 3 and political connections, recognizes the integration of diversity and differences, and draws attention to power relations interpersonally (Kottler & Montgomery, 2017). This theoretical framework is valuable when working with domestic violence victims. Counselors familiar with feminist theory and various associated interventions will foster an understanding of the clients as individuals and humanity as a collective in the current society (Fall, 2013). This theory can help the group dynamics and group stages to flourish. The forming phase of the group will be when group members decide how much they will disclose and how safe the group is. Members get acquainted with the group session routine, other members, facilitators, and subject matter. This stage is crucial to establish authentic communication, consistent tone and behavior, and empathy as the counselor. This could be an opportunity to possibly self-disclose, if appropriate. Self-disclosure may help foster positive rapport between the group members and the facilitator (Gladding, 2020). The storming stage can be intense or short-lived. If trust and safety is embedded and proven within the initial stage, the transition stage will be smooth. If there are still doubts of trust and safety, members may become defensive and anxious (Fall, 2013). It is the counselor's duty to mediate any conflict that arises in a professional and ethical manner (ACA, 2014). Establishing trust is a key component in group counseling and mental health counseling in general. Practitioners must be aware of their demeanor, bias, and overall knowledge of certain subjects to ensure members consider them authentic and qualified to lead a group. The norming stage ebbs and flows and is contingent on the group's progress. If a group is in a norming stage, progress is being made and should be celebrated with positive reinforcement. The adjourning stage is when treatment goals are met and certain members are ready for termination from the group. As their counselor, it is important to remind members of informed

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Domestic Violence Group Sessions 4 consent and to terminate their participation with notice ahead of time. Reminding members of confidentiality agreements is crucial, even when not participating in the group actively anymore. Interventions utilized should be based on evidence-based practices. Establishing goals is part of treatment planning and monitoring the progress of the counselor and clients. In this group’s case, ensuring safety, establishing trust, and preventing relapse are the goals to aim for in treatment. This will be measured by an anonymous survey asking the members about their experiences after each session.

Domestic Violence Group Sessions 5 Group Counseling Session Plan Group Name: Sounding Board Group Topic: Domestic Violence Victim Support Session Focus: Introductions, Group Purpose, Informed Consent, Establishing Rapport Time/Duration: Month of April - the second Tuesday of every month starting at 7pm EST. The duration of each group session is 90 minutes, with a 20 minute intervention/break in between. Session #: __1___of __6___ Stage of Group/Short Description of Group Dynamics Last Session: The current stage of the D.V. Group is “forming.” The group members are still observing one another and look to the facilitator for social cues. The group members are sticking to safer topics, maintaining a baseline rapport with one another. Member trust is forming, but most are still hesitant and some are possibly eager. Group Norms: 1. Confidentiality is essential, we expect that each person will respect and maintain the confidentiality of the group. What is said in the group is not to be repeated or discussed at any other time or place. Confidentiality is the core value of this group, as it advocates for member safety, especially regarding the topics we may discuss. Confidentiality includes non-disclosure of the meeting location, time and members. 2. We are here to share our own feelings and experiences; we try not to give advice unless directly asked for by a member. 3. We try to accept people, just as they are, and we actively avoid making judgments. (e.g. whispered remarks, passive aggressive chuckles or facial expressions). 4. We give supportive attention to the person who is speaking and avoid side conversations. 5. We try to give everyone an opportunity to share. 6. We have the right to speak and the right to remain silent. 7. We avoid interrupting. If we make this mistake, we return the conversation to the person who was speaking.

Domestic Violence Group Sessions 6 8. We have the right to ask questions and the right to refuse to answer. 9. We do not discuss group members who are not present. 10. We begin and end our meetings on time, to ensure consistency and safety for every member attending these sessions. Session Purpose: The purpose of session 1 is to establish trust and rapport between group members, as well as the facilitator. Session Objectives: The objective of session 1 is to disclose informed consent to group members by providing a detailed description of ethical guidelines, member expectations, access to the group sessions, time and duration of each session, confidentiality agreements and constraints, as well as goals for each current & future session. It is also imperative to mention the purpose & rationale of this group, which is outlined in the above introduction. Resources: Resources needed for the first session include a written informed consent agreement that will be signed by each participating member and held confidentially by the group facilitator. The session will also require individual whiteboards and dry erase markers for the group activity. Opening: The warm up activity is designed to help form group cohesion. Since this is the first session, the warm up activity will include an introduction to each individual. The facilitator will ask everyone to go around the room and introduce themselves first by first name. After name introductions, each member will be given a small white-board and dry erase marker. The group facilitator will then ask “this or that '' questions (e.g. road trip or fly) and give time for each member to discuss with the group why they chose their answer. Main Discussion/Activity/Guided Practice: The main discussion of the first session is about trust. Each member will utilize their whiteboards to write one word, or phrase that resonates with them when they think of trust. The facilitator will give the members 3 minutes to think of their word or phrase, then open the group to discussion. Members who are willing to share their reasoning may raise their hand and speak up. Members who do not wish to disclose their reasoning may feel free to show their whiteboard answer and then proceed to listen to others who want to share. Closing: The group facilitator will provide positive reinforcement and authentic compassion for what members decided to share in this first session. The group facilitator will open the floor up to questions regarding the group sessions, participation and overall expectations of the group. The facilitator will end with a preview of the next session. Session 2 will focus on emotions. Preparing the group members for session 2 is recommended due to the topic of emotions possibly being intense and triggering to discuss. Group Counseling Skills/Therapeutic Interventions Utilized: The forming stage is “the process of putting the structure of the team together” (Gladding, 2020). Team members feel ambiguous and conflict is avoided at all costs due to the need to be accepted into the group. Team members look to a group leader for direction and guidance. The skills utilized during this session were genuine compassion, leadership roles, and establishing rapport while communicating informed consent. Interventions used in this session were ice breaker activities. Methods of Evaluation:

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Domestic Violence Group Sessions 7 After each session, provide an anonymous survey for each group session. The anonymous survey will ask these questions: 1. On a scale of 1 to 10, with 1 being the least satisfactory, how would you rate your overall group session experience? 2. In a couple words, how would you describe the group dynamics this session? 3. Did you feel safe to share your thoughts in this session? Please indicate why or why not. 4. Do you have any suggestions on how the group facilitator may communicate better with members? 5. Will you be attending the next session of the group? Group Counseling Session Plan Group Name: Sounding Board Group Topic: Domestic Violence Victim Support Session Focus: Emotions Time/Duration: Month of May - the second Tuesday of every month at 7pm EST. The duration of each group session is 90 minutes, with a 20 minute intervention/break in between. Session #: __2___of __6___ Stage of Group/Short Description of Group Dynamics Last Session: The previous session focused on introductions of each member, informed consent knowledge, and establishing rapport and mutual understanding of the purpose of this group. The group stage is storming, as tensions are in the group due to knowing they may share their personal traumatic experiences with others. There is a lack of participation with some members, making the group dynamics uneven and sometimes awkward. Session Purpose: The purpose of session 2 is to normalize matters of emotions and openly discuss one another’s experiences. Session Objectives: The objective for session 2 is building more trust within the group. This can be measured by willingness to share from each client. If client’s feel safe to share their experiences, then trust is being built within the group dynamic (Gladding, 2020). Resources: Resources needed for session 2 are the individual whiteboards and dry-erase markers. The facilitator should also acquire paper and pencils for expressive writing activities. The facilitator will also be prepared with a “talking board,” which is a small pun for the group. Opening: The group facilitator will first open with a review of the previous session. Checking in about the group process, and people’s understanding of the purpose of this group. The group facilitator will also remind everyone of the baseline group norms, specifically confidentiality and safety precautions (e.g. meeting location disclosure). The facilitator will then start asking ice breaker questions related to the focus of session 2. These questions will spark discussion on everyone’s

Domestic Violence Group Sessions 8 perception of certain semantics regarding the topic of emotions. The questions will be, “What does the word emotions mean to you?” and “What does the word emotional mean to you?” and “What is your favorite and least favorable emotion?” The answers to these questions will be written on each individual’s whiteboard. Main Discussion/Activity/Guided Practice: The main discussion for session 2 will include deep emotional conversations and letting the flow of sharing prosper. The facilitator will open the discussion with a personal emotional experience related to the group topic, while holding the talking board. The board will be a small plank of wood that each person who wants to share will hold until they are done sharing their thoughts or experience. When others want to chime in to the discussion with this person’s experience, the person with the talking board will have the power and control to call on others or continue to talk. This will help establish power and autonomy within each individual, as victims of domestic violence may feel powerless (Sweet, 2021). Before starting the activity, the facilitator will remind everyone that they have a right to share and to observe & listen. Closing: The closing will include a summary of today’s session on emotions, the group’s overall view of the semantics of emotion and providing gratitude and compassion for the members who shared their experiences. The closing will also include a reminder of the anonymous survey to complete for each session, to help the facilitator gain insight on each person’s experience in the group sessions. Group Counseling Skills/Therapeutic Interventions Utilized: The techniques during session 2 were normalizing matters of emotion, building more trust within the group and giving individual’s control of their time to share their experiences. The interventions used were expressive writing and group therapy open discussions, which utilized Cognitive-Behavior therapy and Social-learning theory. Members were able to share their experiences with the group, establish trust, boundaries and learn from one another. Methods of Evaluation: After each session, provide an anonymous survey for each group session. The anonymous survey will ask these questions: 1. On a scale of 1 to 10, with 1 being the least satisfactory, how would you rate your overall group session experience? 2. In a couple words, how would you describe the group dynamics this session? 3. Did you feel safe to share your thoughts in this session? Please indicate why or why not. 4. Do you have any suggestions on how the group facilitator may communicate better with members? 5. Will you be attending the next session of the group? Group Counseling Session Plan Group Name: Sounding Board Group Topic: Domestic Violence Victim Support Session Focus: Conflict and Resolution Time/Duration: Month of June - the second Tuesday of every month at 7pm EST. The duration of each group session is 90 minutes, with a 20 minute intervention/break in between. Session #: __3___of __6___

Domestic Violence Group Sessions 9 Stage of Group/Short Description of Group Dynamics Last Session: The stage of the group in session 3 was “norming.” The norming stage consists of positive group cohesion, rapport and trust are formed and respect for one another is present and acted upon. Last session was in the storming stage, which is now an improvement. Moving from the storming stage to the norming stage of group development is key to the overall success of group goals and positive group dynamics (Gladding, 2020). Session Purpose: The purpose of session 3 is to identify conflict and establish healthy coping mechanisms to address conflict. The purpose of identifying conflict will help clients understand conflict resolution to build confidence and level power dynamics. Session Objectives: The objective of session 3 is to foster understanding of conflict resolution and healthy coping mechanisms. This can be measured by asking each member to share a positive coping mechanism they have found that helps them deal with conflict. The second objective is to form goals around handling conflict. This can be measured by having the members write down the goals they want to achieve at the end of these sessions, recording these goals, and then asking the members if they felt they achieved this goal during the last session. Resources: The resources needed for session 3 are a pencil and paper for each member of the group and their individual whiteboards and dry-erase markers. The other resource is multiple book suggestions for each individual to read at their own pace, to help cope with their personal situations. The books are referenced in the reference section and have an * next to them. Opening: To open session 3, the group facilitator will remind everyone of the baseline group norms, specifically confidentiality and safety precautions (e.g. meeting location disclosure). The facilitator will review the last session's objectives and focus. The facilitator will check in and ask the group how they are feeling about the group so far, especially after an intense last session speaking about emotions and sharing experiences (Fall, 2013). Main Discussion/Activity/Guided Practice: The facilitator will then start the session 3 activity related to conflict resolution. The activity will utilize the dry-erase markers and whiteboard. The facilitator will ask “What would you do” questions to promote diplomacy discussions regarding conflict. Each member will write down their brief answer on their respective white-board. The facilitator will also ask each person to pair up with the person to their left and write down various goals they want to achieve by the end of these sessions. Closing: The facilitator will close the session with 3 minute meditation to calm everyone’s mind from discussing conflict. The facilitator will then remind members about the anonymous survey after each session, to help the facilitator gain insight on group dynamics and overall satisfaction. The facilitator will then invite everyone to the next session, which will focus on relief. Group Counseling Skills/Therapeutic Interventions Utilized: The skills and techniques used during session 3 were monitoring the energy of the group, establishing boundaries and learning from others. The interventions utilized were identifying issues and facilitating resolutions. Another intervention utilized was goal-visualization activities.

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Domestic Violence Group Sessions 10 Methods of Evaluation: After each session, provide an anonymous survey for each group session . The anonymous survey will ask these questions: 1. On a scale of 1 to 10, with 1 being the least satisfactory, how would you rate your overall group session experience? 2. In a couple words, how would you describe the group dynamics this session? 3. Did you feel safe to share your thoughts in this session? Please indicate why or why not. 4. Do you have any suggestions on how the group facilitator may communicate better with members? 5. Will you be attending the next session of the group? Group Counseling Session Plan Group Name: Sounding Board Group Topic: Domestic Violence Victim Support Session Focus: Empathy and Compassion Time/Duration: Month of July - the second Tuesday of every month at 7pm EST. The duration of each group session is 90 minutes, with a 20 minute intervention/break in between. Session #: __4___of __6___ Stage of Group/Short Description of Group Dynamics Last Session: The current stage of the group is still norming. The norming stage consists of positive group cohesion, rapport and trust are formed and respect for one another is present and acted upon. Group dynamics last session proved to be in the norming stage as well. Session Purpose: The purpose of session 4 is to promote and educate about empathy and compassion. Session Objectives: The objective of session 4 is to form an understanding of empathy and foster genuine displays of compassion. Resources: A prepared game to play within the group, possibly splitting the group up into sections if the game requires a certain amount of people. Opening: To open session 4, the group facilitator will remind everyone of the baseline group norms, specifically confidentiality and safety precautions (e.g. meeting location disclosure). The facilitator will review the last session's objectives and focus. The

Domestic Violence Group Sessions 11 facilitator will check in and ask the group how they are feeling about the group so far, especially after an intense last session speaking about emotions and sharing experiences. Main Discussion/Activity/Guided Practice: The facilitator will start a game that requires strategy and individual decision making (e.g. Catan). The game will be strategic based, so individuals will have autonomy to decide themselves. The group will then discuss how each felt during the game, teaching one another about empathy and compassion when in certain situations. Demonstrating empathy and compassion during competition helps teach these philosophies (Gladding, 2020). Closing: To conclude session 4, the facilitator will reflect on the last four sessions and review the information learned tonight about empathy and compassion. The facilitator will also mention there are only two more sessions left before the end of this organized group. The group facilitator will encourage members to connect in other ways outside of the group. Group Counseling Skills/Therapeutic Interventions Utilized: The techniques used in session 4 were discussing topics toward individual selves and others. Displaying compassion and empathy as a facilitator was also a skill used. The intervention used was sharing activities, where the members ask one another questions and share insights throughout the activity. Methods of Evaluation: After each session, provide an anonymous survey for each group session. The anonymous survey will ask these questions: 1. On a scale of 1 to 10, with 1 being the least satisfactory, how would you rate your overall group session experience? 2. In a couple words, how would you describe the group dynamics this session? 3. Did you feel safe to share your thoughts in this session? Please indicate why or why not. 4. Do you have any suggestions on how the group facilitator may communicate better with members? 5. Will you be attending the next session of the group? Group Counseling Session Plan Group Name: Sounding Board Group Topic: Domestic Violence Victim Support Session Focus: Relief Time/Duration: Month of August - the second Tuesday of every month at 7pm EST. The duration of each group session is 90 minutes, with a 20 minute intervention/break in between. Session #: __5___of __6___ Stage of Group/Short Description of Group Dynamics Last Session: The stage of the group in session 5 is the performing stage. In this stage, the group makes significant progress towards their goals.

Domestic Violence Group Sessions 12 Session Purpose: The purpose of session 5 is to discuss relief in the general sense. Relief of stress, of too many responsibilities, of toxic people, of bad habits. Session Objectives: The objective of session 5 is to foster relief in each member’s life. Each member will identify a part of their life they want relief from. The measurable outcome is non-existent, as the members are sharing subjective information that cannot be quantified. Resources: The resources needed for session 5 are limited to none. The talking board, a good attitude and authenticity! Opening: To open session 5, the facilitator will review the last session about empathy and compassion. They will ask each member of the group an example of empathy or compassion that was given to them since last session. The facilitator will then review last session’s objectives and discuss this session’s objectives and focus on relief. Main Discussion/Activity/Guided Practice: The main discussion for session 5 will be an open discussion about relief. While the discussion is going on, the facilitator will utilize their knowledge in Solution-Focused therapy and Feminist theory to help the group with power dynamics, as it is open dialogue (using the talking board). Session 5 is able to have an open dialogue due to its current group development stage being performing, which proves to be the most efficient part of group development. Closing: The closing of session 5 will mention the next session is the last session of the group. The group will be asked if there are any fears, excitement, or other feelings in regards to the group disbanding. The facilitator will then prepare the members for the last session, which will focus on recognition. The facilitator will also remind the members of the anonymous survey at the end of every group. Group Counseling Skills/Therapeutic Interventions Utilized: The skills and techniques used in session 5 were providing and demonstrating respect, dignity and equality throughout the group discussion. The interventions utilized were Solution-Focused therapy and open dialogue/sharing activities. Methods of Evaluation: After each session, provide an anonymous survey for each group session. The anonymous survey will ask these questions: 1. On a scale of 1 to 10, with 1 being the least satisfactory, how would you rate your overall group session experience? 2. In a couple words, how would you describe the group dynamics this session? 3. Did you feel safe to share your thoughts in this session? Please indicate why or why not. 4. Do you have any suggestions on how the group facilitator may communicate better with members? 5. Will you be attending the next session of the group? Group Counseling Session Plan

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Domestic Violence Group Sessions 13 Group Name: Sounding Board Group Topic: Domestic Violence Victim Support Session Focus: Recognition of team and individual efforts Time/Duration: Month of September - the second Tuesday of every month at 7pm EST. The duration of each group session is 90 minutes, with a 20 minute intervention/break in between. Session #: __6___of __6___ Stage of Group/Short Description of Group Dynamics Last Session: The stage of session 6, the last session, is the adjourning stage. The adjourning stage of group development is when the group is disbanding and has made significant progress towards achieving their goals. Session Purpose: The purpose of session 6 is to recognize each member’s efforts and achievements. Session Objectives: The objective of session 6 is to revisit the goals mentioned in the earlier sessions. The facilitator will then ask each member if they feel they achieved these goals, and why or why not. Resources: The talking board is the main resource for this session, as well as a piece of construction paper for each person, with their name on it. Opening: The opening of session 6 will outline every session before and review the focuses of each session. The facilitator will then award superlatives to every member of the group. These superlatives are light-hearted and appropriate for the group dynamics. They will help keep rapport and establish authentic connections in the group. The facilitator will then review the closing session’s objectives and focus. Main Discussion/Activity/Guided Practice: The guided practice is recognition of the team efforts and individual efforts to achieve their goals. Each person has a piece of colored construction paper with their name on it. They will pass the construction paper to their left, which allows the person to their left to sign their paper. Each member will write something genuine on each other’s paper., or something they are grateful for in regard to that person. They will have 3 minutes to write something on each member's piece of paper. Once the pieces of paper are returned to the person whose name is on it, the activity is over. Closing: The closing remarks will discuss group closure. Grieving the group is normal, and will be difficult for some, as it is a support system. The facilitator will allow time for members to exchange contact information and future plans. The facilitator will remind the group to complete the anonymous survey for the end of each session, and to complete the survey for sessions they forgot about. The closing of session 6 will also include additional resources in the community to help combat relapse into a toxic relationship or family.

Domestic Violence Group Sessions 14 Group Counseling Skills/Therapeutic Interventions Utilized: The techniques used in session 6 were recognizing change and empowering members, celebrating accomplishments and one another, as well as looking forward to future goals and aspirations. The interventions utilized were gratitude activities, such as the superlatives and notes to one another. Methods of Evaluation: After each session, provide an anonymous survey for each group session. The anonymous survey will ask these questions: 1. On a scale of 1 to 10, with 1 being the least satisfactory, how would you rate your overall group session experience? 2. In a couple words, how would you describe the group dynamics this session? 3. Did you feel safe to share your thoughts in this session? Please indicate why or why not. 4. Do you have any suggestions on how the group facilitator may communicate better with members? 5. Will you be attending the next session of the group?

Domestic Violence Group Sessions 15 Conclusion There is an immediate need for counselors to facilitate group counseling for domestic violence or intimate partner violence victims. The group proposed would consist of a licensed professional and an intern to facilitate group sessions. Group formation would require confidential or anonymous recruitment efforts due to the severity of partner violence and close proximity to the toxic partner. The target population of the proposed group is victims of domestic violence. Multiple theories are relevant while working with domestic violence and abuse victims. Feminism theory and solution-focused theory are great examples of theories to consider using when working with this population. Interventions that come from these theories should be evidence-based. Solution-focused therapy is an evidence-based practice that helps clients establish goals and problem-solve effectively. The group process is contingent on its development. Developmental stages in a group are referred to as the forming stage, storming stage, norming stage and adjourning stage. These stages break down the various experiences of a group, to better understand how group dynamics play a part in the group process. Ethics to be considered are authority challenges and confidentiality. Multiculturally, counselors should consider a member’s race, ethnicity, sexual orientation, gender, and socioeconomic status. Establishing equal access to group counseling services is imperative to multicultural and ethical considerations. The facilitator was able to move through all four stages of group development while building goals that align with the objectives and purpose of the group. Interventions used were gratitude activities, sharing activities, solution-focused therapy, feminist theories, expressive writing activities, goal visualization activities, and ice breakers. The objectives of each session

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Domestic Violence Group Sessions 16 were measured by an anonymous survey at the end of each season, asking specific questions about each member’s experience in that session. The facilitator focused on establishing rapport, building trust, normalizing emotions, conflict resolution, relief, and recognition. The facilitator was able to use their professional knowledge and skills to adhere to ethical guidelines, client-centered care, and overall positive group dynamics.

Domestic Violence Group Sessions 17 Reference American Counseling Association (2014). ACA Code of Ethics . Retrieved from http://counseling.org Fall. (2013). Group counseling : process and technique. Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203079089 Gladding, S.T. (2020). Groups: A Counseling Specialty (8th ed.). Pearson *Murray, C. E. (2021). Triumph over abuse: Healing, recovery, and purpose after an abusive relationship . Taylor & Francis Group. James, R. K., & Gilliland, B. E. (2016). Crisis Intervention Strategies (8th Edition). Cengage Limited. https://capella.vitalsource.com/books/9781337531061 Kottler, J. A., & Montgomery, M. J. (2019). Theories of counseling and therapy: An experiential approach (3rd ed.). San Diego, CA: Cognella Academic Publishing. *Sweet, P. (2021). The politics of surviving: How women navigate domestic violence and its aftermath . University of California Press.

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