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Nov 24, 2024

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1 Bullet Point on Counselling and Forensic Psychology on 'Paraphilias Student Name Institution Course Instructor Due Date

2 Bullet Point on Counselling and Forensic Psychology on Paraphilias The Extent and Meaning of Paraphilic Behaviors Paraphilia includes a disorder characterized by high sexual arousal or fantasies in reaction to stimuli that are generally not thought to be sexually attractive. The triggers include circumstances and actions most people might not ordinarily find sexually enticing. There are various examples of paraphilic behaviour, including exposing the genitals to others, also referred to as exhibitionism, voyeurism, which includes watching other people taking sexual activities, and intense sexual attraction to non-human objects, as fetishism. Paraphilic behaviours are seen as forms of mental disorders since they cause distress, social impairment, and occupational impairments. They are also considered mental disorders in the past and present since mental health professionals can only diagnose them. Mental health professionals assume the individual's subjective experience and the impact it has on the person's life. Paraphilia is also a mental disorder since its treatment includes therapy, medication or, in other situations, a combination of therapy and medication. Impact of Non-consensual Sex on Mental Health Non-consensual sex includes various forms, including cross-generational sex, forced sex, transactional sex, and molestation. The perpetrators of the behaviour can consist of strangers, peers, family members and intimate partners. Consensual sex has various adverse effects on the individual's life since it leads to anxiety, depression and unsafe abortion (Sah & Robinson, 2021). The practice can also include social isolation, academic troubles, unsafe abortion and unwanted pregnancy. The survivors of non-consensual sex also experience post-traumatic stress disorders and loss of trust in others. Non-consensual sex is a crime in various countries, and there is criminal justice system to deal with the situation (Beckman & Flora, 2021). The criminal justice

3 system in multiple countries deals with people who have committed non-consensual sex, subjecting them to long-term imprisonment. How Psychology Defines Paraphilia Sexual dysfunctions and paraphilias have historically been conceptualized and treated as mental illnesses that need to be healed or treated in psychology, psychiatry, and psychotherapy. Numerous problems have resulted from this, including pathologizing, stigmatizing, and not getting consent. For instance, people with paraphilias (atypical sexual inclinations) have frequently been stigmatized as "deviant" or "perverted" and have been subject to forced treatment or detention in psychiatric facilities (Jenkins, 2020). Furthermore, it has been said that the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM diagnostic)'s standards for paraphilias and sexual dysfunctions are arbitrary, biased towards certain cultures, and invalid. An approach to sexual diversity that is more nuanced, person-centred, and aware of the variety of ways people express their sexuality and the value of consent and autonomy has been more popular in recent years. Understanding Sexual Consent Sexual consent includes two partners agreeing to participate in sexual activities, which should be communicated clearly and freely. Sharing with the partner about sexual consent is an important activity since it can help both the persona and the partner to have an understanding and respect for the boundaries of each other (O'Callaghan et al., 2019). It is essential to note that sexual consent cannot be given to the underage, intoxicated or people incapacitated by drugs or alcohol. If people agree to the sexual activity due to pressure or intimidation, it is not taken as consent since it was not given freely (Alabi, 2019). Sexual permission can not be given freely

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4 due to unequal power dynamics, including engaging in sexual activity with the employee or student. How Sexual Consent works Consent includes communication when taking part in sexual activities, and it should happen in all types of activities. It is essential to note that supporting one action does not give someone consent for other activities or similar activities at another time; for example, agreeing to kiss someone does not allow the person to remove your clothes (Hirsh et al., 2019). Sexual consent does not also work in that deciding to have sex with someone in the past does not permit the person to have sex with you at a future time. Therefore, it is essential to understand the boundaries and expectations of the partner to engage in other sexual behaviours. Sexual consent also works in a way that allows one of the partners to change his mind whenever they feel uncomfortable. They can do this by communicating to the partner that they are not comfortable with the activity and requesting that it stop even though withdrawing the consent is sometimes challenging to do verbally. The partners must ensure that all the people involved agree on escalation or change of activities. Importance of Listening to People who Practice BDSM Listening to a specialist, such as those who frequently follows Bondage/Discipline, Dominance Sadism Masochism (BDSM), provides a wide of skills that impact mental health and therefore train one specific skill to overcome psychological and mental illness issues. BDSM plays a significant role in making sexual intimacy known, giving power to how to handle such matters (Cutler et al. 2020). The knowledge obtained can be used to build healthy romantic relationships. Psychological research has acknowledged the benefit of BDSM.

5 BDSM reduces stress levelss, making one feel like the individual has taken part in an energizing session. Such feelings have been characterized by improving a person's mental health. The study has found that those who practice BDSM are meant to enter into a level of self- consciousness that can be compared to the marathoner's runner high (Manning 2022). Such activities reduce the hormone cortisol level of the hormone cortisol to reduced, especially in those dominant within a sexual relationship. Cortisol is the stress hormone that, when it becomes high, can cause associations of diseases such as high blood pressure, weak immunity, and low level of insulin secretion. Hence BDSM has reduced the stress level making the involved persons avoid such health implications. Those who practice BDSM have shown a good relationship model that becomes a source of inspiration to other people. The study has determined that attendance of sadomasochistic scenes has attenuated the emotions of attraction and intimacy among the partners (Skov 2022). The study has proven that practising novel things among romantic partners over routine activities improves intimacy. The brain's functionality supports the response it gives to new things. The brain activity scan of married couples who shares novel activities shows a trigger of the brain system and ensures there is total dopamine that makes people feel good. Treatment of Relevant groups could be Improved in Counselling and Forensic Contexts Various efforts have been put in place to mitigate mental health for all those groups victimized by sexual assault. However, the efforts put in place have not been effective in treating such groups both in the counselling and forensic contexts, suggesting that the study has revealed that in a range of five women, one has experienced sexual assault (Henry et al. 2019). In contrast, the coverage tends to grow in men, where one man has experienced sexual assault in the field of eighty men. Such statistical data has given rise to improving relevant groups' treatment.

6 There is a need to have training centres for mass education about sex functionality. Having a significant number of skilled people will ensure they can protect themselves against sexual acts of violence and handle those individuals who turned to be the victims. In addition, they will stand at the forefront in advocating for change within society, reducing the chances of consent via lotion. Additional counselling programs that involve sexual intimacy in the educational sectors and making such courses mandatory for every person in the institutions improves the way people handle sexual intimacy issues and, therefore, can help stabilize healthy and romantic relationships within society (Verrastro et al. 2020). Finally, increasing people's skills in treating individuals victimized by sexual assaults will ensure that the treatment is above the standard and that quality services are delivered to the patients. #metoo Campaign Paraphilic disorders have raised various areas of interest and forced the foundations of different protesting groups against sexual harassment. The #metoo was among those groups that were presented to find the various social dilemma involving sexual harassment (Alaggia & Wang 2020). Many people failed to air their voices due to fear of threats from those stands to support sexual assaults within the organizations. Others were unable to report due to their shyness when the situation became known to the public as they were in a dilemma about breaking their reputations and protesting against paraphilic disorder. The # too movement opened up awareness of the challenges of sexual harassment and violence. Various victims were able to raise their voices through the campaign, and they could stop the sexual harassment. The #metoo made it possible to establish advocacy companies that have funded various individuals in making laws that protect individuals against sexual harassment. The movement has improved diverse focus and preventive measures through the creation of training workshops.

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7 In conclusion, the various needs of the #metoo movement, including the paraphilic disorder in the DSM, would be essential. The acts associated with the paraphilic conditions affect the psychology of other persons. Paraphilic diseases can damage affectionate and reciprocal sexual functions.

8 References Alabi, O. A. (2019). Sexual violence laws redefined in me to era: Affirmative consent & statutes of limitations. Widener L. Rev. , 25 , 69. Alaggia, R., & Wang, S. (2020). "I never told anyone until the# metoo movement": What can we learn from sexual abuse and sexual assault disclosures made through social media? Child abuse & neglect , 103 , 104312. Beckman, E. M., & Flora, M. G. (2021). Non-consensual pornography: a new form of technology-facilitated sexual violence. RASSEGNA ITALIANA DI CRIMINOLOGIA , (4), 317-328. Cutler, B., Lee, E. M., Cutler, N., & Sagarin, B. J. (2020). Partner Selection, Power Dynamics, and Mutual Care Giving in Long-Term Self-Defined BDSM Couples. Journal of Positive Sexuality , 6 (2), 86-114. Henry, N., Flynn, A., & Powell, A. (2019). Image-based sexual abuse: Victims and perpetrators. Trends and Issues in Crime and Criminal Justice , (572), 1-19. Hirsch, J. S., Khan, S. R., Wamboldt, A., & Mellins, C. A. (2019). Social dimensions of sexual consent among cisgender heterosexual college students: Insights from ethnographic research. Journal of Adolescent Health , 64 (1), 26-35. Jenkins, G. C. (2020). Banished: A Comprehensive Look into the Mind and Soul of the Sex Offender with Sex Offender Case Studies and the Recidivism Challenge . BrownWalker Press. Manning, B. J. (2022). Played Out: The Race Man in Twenty-First-Century Satire . Rutgers University Press.

9 O'Callaghan, E., Shepp, V., Ullman, S. E., & Kirkner, A. (2019). Navigating sex and sexuality after sexual assault: A qualitative study of survivors and informal support providers. The Journal of Sex Research , 56 (8), 1045-1057. Sah, R. K., & Robinson, S. (2021). Sexual health. In Priorities for Health Promotion and Public Health (pp. 151-174). Routledge. Skov, M. (2022). Sensory liking: How nervous systems assign hedonic value to sensory objects. In The Routledge international handbook of neurasthenics (pp. 31-62). Routledge. Verrastro, V., Saladino, V., Petruccelli, F., & Eleuteri, S. (2020). Medical and health care professionals' sexuality education: State of the art and recommendations. International journal of environmental research and public health , 17 (7), 2186.

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