maggie case study.edited - Copy

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American University of The Middle East *

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Psychology

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Nov 24, 2024

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Maggie, who is 35 years old, is referred by her general practitioner due to physical ailments and signs of depression. Maggies had a break up of nine years where she has been raising 2kids in sole care. The paper will explore the use of critical counselling approaches, personal-centred approaches and task-centred approaches to help Maggie. Both personal-centred and task-centred approaches will be applied to address Maggie's depression and emotional issues. They will provide a safe environment where she will express her needs and preferences. Historical perspective https://www.goodtherapy.org/learn-about-therapy/types/person-centered https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK589708/ Personal-centred theory was developed in 1940 by Carl Rodgers. The personal-centred theory is rooted in the traditional model where the counsellor and therapist serve as an expert and move toward an empathetic approach, which empowers and motivates the individual during the therapeutic period. According to Rogers, the therapist encourages the therapist to focus on reflective listening and empathy rather than interoperating behaviours and unconscious drives. They are personal-centred based on Rodger’s belief, which claims that every client can fulfil their potential. The personal-centred counsellor recognises the client's potential and provides empathy and unconditional positive regard, which help increase change. https://www.oxfordbibliographies.com/display/document/obo-9780195389678/obo- 9780195389678-0188.xml The centred approach is a theory developed in the mid-1960s in response to a claim that social work was ineffective with clients. The centred approach was developed by William Reid, who integrated various therapeutic perspectives to provide a task-centred theory. This approach is

rooted in psychodynamic practices and focuses on problem-solving practice to enable the client to handle their presenting problems https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/social-sciences/client-centered-therapy Personal-centred, non-directive and client-centred approach emphasises listening, empathy and acceptance in therapy. It is non-directive, where the client, rather than the therapist, can direct their treatment service by providing self-change. In this regard, the therapist has a role in investing trust in their client to move in the right direction by demonstrating active listening, paraphrasing and genuine. Also, the practitioner is nonjudgmental and avoids providing advice. A personal personal-centred approach helps the client to feel accepted and enable them to understand their feeling. The task-centred approach helps counsellors and clients collaborate and identify tasks and goals. This model is a structured process where the therapist works with the client to achieve goals and overcome immediate issues. The relationship between the counsellor and the client is based on partnership and collaboration to specify problems and establish meaningful goals. Through the use of a centred approach, the counsellor and client collaborate to identify the outcome, agree on a specific contract and evaluate the progress. Similarities between personal-centred and task-centred approaches are that they prioritise the client's need, empower the client and emphasise empathy and respect. Personal and task-centred approaches empower the clients to participate in the therapeutic process actively. They empower them to identify their need and enable them to make their own decision, thus allowing the client to control their lives. Based on both theories, the counsellor is expected to demonstrate respect and empathy toward their client and provide a nonjudgmental space where the client can express

their emotions and feelings. When dealing with Maggie, both approaches will be used where the counsellor will listen to her married life and her explanation of depression and ailment. In both theories, the counsellor will use empathetic listening to understand the client's challenges with sole parenting, which will help provide a supportive environment. However, there is a difference between the personal-centred approach, where the counsellor is directive, serving as a process facilitator to help the client lead the counselling process, thus exploring their emotion at their own pace. Following Maggie's case study, the counsellor will enable Maggie to express their feeling and emotions without advising her. Maggie will be responsible for identifying her challenges at her own pace by exploring her feelings about the break up of her marriage and sole parenting. In this case, a personal-centred approach will not provide any specific goal, and the duration of this process is more dependent on the client's progress. On the other hand, in a task-oriented approach, the counsellor takes a directive stance where they partner with the client to define tasks, identify goals and evaluate the progress. Another difference is that the personal-centred approach is a client-led activity where the client can determine the content of the sessions. The role of the counsellor-centred approach is to listen and reflect on the client's feelings and explore individual feelings without giving advice. However, task-centred approaches are structured problem-solving practices where the client and counsellor work in partnership to identify the problem and provide the desired outcome. Through a task-centred approach, the counsellor will collaborate with Maggie and guide her in identifying what she wants to change in her life.

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Ethical consideration when deploying task centred approach is cultural competence. In social work practice, ethical practices focus on cultural competence and respect for cultural backgrounds. When working with Maggie, counsellors should avoid imposing their own beliefs on clients and work within her cultural context. Cultural competence issues may arise due to a lack of understanding of Maggie's beliefs. Customers and practices from her cultural background. For instance, Maggie's cultural beliefs may influence her approach to dealing with the Break with Michael. There is a great need for the counsellor to understand Maggie's cultural practices to ensure that the task-centred process is sensitive to her cultural context. The councillor has a crucial role in ensuring confidentiality and informed consent when applying a personal and task-centred approach to Maggie. When applying a personal and task- centred approach, the therapist has a legal role in maintaining client confidentiality. Notably, Maggie's case includes information about her marital status, her children and emotional distress. In this regard, when a counsellor discloses such information without Maggie's consent, it is a breach of confidentiality. Additionally, before starting the counselling process, the counsellor has a crucial role in obtaining Maggie's consent, and this would be done by explaining the process, benefits and limitations of the process. Through the personal-centred and task-centred approach, the therapist has a role in defining the nature of the session and the role of the client when making decisions. Following Maggie's case study, I would deploy various techniques to help Maggie manage depression and physical ailments. While using a task-centred approach, I will collaborate with Maggie to enable her to understand her problem. I would start by active listening, where I will help Maggie express her story and concerns related to her marriage and parenting. While Maggie expresses her feelings toward betrayal and abandonment by Michael, I will validate her feelings

by telling her that she will overcome the pain. Through task-centred, I will help Maggie break down her current issues into small details. Some of these issues may include break up, child care, physical ailment, depression and potential loss of employment. After breaking down, I will help her develop strategies to overcome the issue. For example, it will provide the option to secure her job and strategies to manage depression. The last step will be helping Maggie to prioritise her problem. For instance, I will encourage her to seek emotional support to cope with the breakup. Also, I will help Maggie secure a job, allowing her to raise her kid. https://uk.sagepub.com/sites/default/files/upm-assets/44002_book_item_44002.pdf A counsellor's personal centred approach will help to use unconditional positive regard and empathy when dealing with Maggie's issue. The first thing is accepting what Maggie is thinking and feeling about her break up, irrespective it happened 9 years ago. As a counsellor, I will not assume that Maggie may be feeling a certain way, nor will I not assume what Maggie is feeling is healthy and unhealthy since it is not easy to know what part of her life is touched by break up. I will only assume that how she responds is the best way at that given moment. Additionally, I will show empathy following the client's responses to her issues. The personal-centred approach will help me to focus on a non-directive process where I will attempt to understand how Maggie is experiencing depression in her own world, and it will help her to express her feelings and thoughts. The possible outcome would be achieved through a centred and task-centred approach. Through a personal-centred process, Maggies would gain an understanding of herself. A personal-centred system will help Maggies to express her emotions and thoughts toward her physical ailment and depression. The outcome of expressing herself is gaining a better understanding of herself. Task centred approach will help to provide developed strategies that will be used in coping with

breakback and moving on with her personal life. Through a task-centred approach, the counsellor will work in partnership to break down Maggie's issue and prioritise the breakup issue. For instance, the counsellor may enable the client to develop coping skills such as relaxation exercises, which will help the client in navigating negative emotions that contribute to depression. The number of sessions between personal-centred and task-centred approaches varies. When considering a personal personal-centred approach, the number of sessions varies depending on the client's progress. There are no fixed number of sessions when providing personal centred approach. Some individuals may attend short-term periods, while others may decide on a long- term approach depending on their needs and approach. However, the task-centred approach is structured with 6 to 12 sessions. Also, the task-centred apport is a short-term period with a maximum of four months. The personal-centred approach is the best theory that suits Maggie's needs. Maggie faces emotional distress and depression rooted from break up, child care and potential loss of employment. Personal-centred theory will support Maggie to gain emotional support since she has depression and a non-directive approach to express her emotion toward break up. Through a personal-centred approach, the counsellor will provide an empathetic relationship that will help to provide emotional support. Also, the personal centred approach provides various sessions that will enable Maggie to achieve the best outcome. However, a task-centred approach may not be appropriate for Maggies since it requires her to work with a counsellor. Also, Maggie may face difficulties linking their task and goals to overcome their issue. In this regard, the personal- centred approach remains the best theory as it allows Maggie to express her feelings nonjudgmentally and at her own pace.

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