400275011-Recidivism in Juvenile Offenders

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Psychology

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Nov 24, 2024

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1 Recidivism in Juvenile Offenders Student’s name Institution affiliation Course Name and Number Instructor’s name Assignment Due Date

2 Recidivism in Juvenile Offenders Topic- Recidivism in Juvenile Offenders Demographic Variable: Socioeconomic Status Independent Variable (IV): Socioeconomic Status Dependent Variable (DV): Recidivism Research Question: To what extent, if any, is socioeconomic status related to recidivism in juvenile offenders? Socioeconomic Status (IV) Article 1 Pechorro, P., Quintas, J., DeLisi, M., & Gonçalves, R. A. (2021). Can the triarchic model of psychopathy predict youth offender recidivism?. Psychology, Crime & Law , 27 (5), 443- 455. https://doi.org/10.1080/1068316X.2020.1818237 Summary This study by Pechorro et al. (2021) aimed to evaluate the predictive value of a self- report measure based on the triarchic model of psychopathy about recidivism in juvenile offenders in Portugal. Their research showed that, of the three psychopathy dimensions in the triarchic model, only the Disinhibition dimension significantly predicted overall recidivism among the study's juvenile offenders. Disinhibition was especially important in understanding the tendency for reoffending among the study group since the boldness and meanness components of psychopathy did not provide a significant predictive capacity for recidivism. Article 2

3 Jacobs, L. A., Ashcraft, L. E., Sewall, C. J., Folb, B. L., & Mair, C. (2020). Ecologies of juvenile reoffending: A systematic review of risk factors. Journal of criminal justice , 66 , 101638. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcrimjus.2019.101638 Summary The systematic evaluation performed by Jacobs et al. (2020) highlights the complex link between ecological conditions and recidivism among juvenile offenders. While highlighting concentrated disadvantage as a reliable predictor of re-arrest, the research also highlights the inconsistent findings regarding other environmental variables. These results highlight the need for further study to fully comprehend the intricate interactions between numerous ecological factors and recidivism in young offenders. Therefore, future studies should investigate previously unknown situations and use credible methodology to enhance causal conclusions and guide more successful recidivism reduction strategies. Article 3 Lowery, P. G., & Zicari, D. J. (2023). The Latino Paradox, the Racial Invariance Thesis, and Recidivism Among a Sample of Juvenile Offenders. Youth Violence and Juvenile Justice , 21 (3), 222-247. https://doi.org/10.1177/15412040221137295 Summary The article by Lowery and Zicari (2023) examines racial inequalities in juvenile recidivism by putting the Latino paradox and the racial invariance theory to the test. The Latino paradox, which contends that, while confronting equal difficulties, Latino young offenders display lower recidivism rates than their non-Latino counterparts, was found to have strong support in the research using data from Virginia. The study also offered evidence favoring the

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4 racial invariance thesis, showing that these ideas may help address and resolve racial differences in juvenile recidivism. Recidivism (DV) Article 4 Walker, S. C., & Herting, J. R. (2020). The impact of pretrial juvenile detention on 12-month recidivism: A matched comparison study. Crime & Delinquency , 66 (13-14), 1865-1887. https://doi.org/10.1177/0011128720926115 Summary Walker and Herting (2020) carefully analyze the effect of pretrial custody on juvenile recidivism in their research. The study's findings demonstrate an unsettling pattern: a year after discharge, pretrial confinement is connected to a vast 33% increment in lawful offense recidivism and an 11% increment in minor recidivism. The way that this relationship shifts relying upon a young's criminal history ought to be seen because it recommends that the individual's previous contribution to the law enforcement framework might impact the impacts of pretrial detainment on recidivism results. These outcomes stress that it is critical to consider an adolescent guilty party's criminal history while deciding if to hold them in pretrial detainment since it could impact their contribution to unlawful conduct. Article 5 Altier, M. B., Leonard Boyle, E., & Horgan, J. G. (2021). Returning to the fight: An empirical analysis of terrorist reengagement and recidivism. Terrorism and Political Violence , 33 (4), 836-860. https://doi.org/10.1080/09546553.2019.1679781 Summary

5 This study on terrorist re-engagement and recidivism finds that re-engagement rates among terrorists are comparatively high, emphasizing the ongoing difficulty in responding to the danger of terrorism. The results also highlight the importance of several variables, such as the age of terrorist participants, extreme views, and relationships with terrorist allies, in impacting the chance of re-engagement. To create successful counterterrorism policies and interventions, it is essential to comprehend these processes. Article 6 Pappas, L. N., & Dent, A. L. (2023). The 40-year debate: a meta-review on what works for juvenile offenders. Journal of Experimental Criminology , 19 (1), 1-30. https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11292-021-09472-z Summary This extensive meta-review by Pappas and Dent in 2023 synthesizes the findings of several research looking at juvenile offender intervention programs. Collectively, the data point to these initiatives helping significantly lower young offenders' recidivism rates. However, the degree of effectiveness depends on several variables, including the particular program modality used, the caliber of the study technique, and the unique traits of the young offenders taking part in these interventions. This multidimensional strategy emphasizes the complex nature of recidivism reduction and the need for specialized, well-thought-out initiatives. Discussion of Similarities and Differences The common thread across these articles is their focus on recidivism among juvenile offenders. They all deal with different facets of this problem, whether through looking at ecological variables, racial inequalities, the effects of pretrial detention, or the efficacy of therapeutic initiatives. However, their methods and findings differ significantly. The First

6 difference is in Psychological Factors: In Article 1, the triarchic model of psychopathy and its capacity to forecast recidivism are the primary subject matter. It was discovered that the only meaningful predictor was the disinhibition dimension. The other articles don't go into such detailed psychological models. Second is Ecological Factors: Article 2 analyzes ecological aspects of recidivism but stresses the discrepancy between the results. The other articles don't specifically discuss ecological issues. Thirdly, there are racial differences. Article 3 primarily examines racial disparities in recidivism and tests the Latino paradox and racial invariance hypotheses. The other articles don't cover this subject. Fourth is the Impact of Detention: Article 4, which examines the effect of pretrial custody on recidivism, shows that both felony and minor recidivism have increased. The other articles do not address this particular focus. Terrorist re-engagement is another crucial difference: rather than focusing on general juvenile delinquency, Article 5 examines terrorist re-engagement and recidivism with findings pertinent to the subject of terrorism studies. The last difference is in Intervention Programs. Article 6 offers a meta-review of intervention programs and how well they work to lower recidivism among young offenders. The previous articles mainly study risk factors and predictions, but this focuses on therapeutic options. In conclusion, the articles offered a broad perspective on juvenile offenders' recidivism by addressing psychological, environmental, racial, detention-related, and even terrorism-related variables. They jointly highlight the complexity of the problem and the necessity for personalized measures to lower recidivism among young offenders, even while some of them concentrate on specific predictors and others on therapeutic programs.

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