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University of South Florida *

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4004

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Psychology

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Jun 11, 2024

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Week 3! Cultural Questions Recall from Chapter 1 the concept of familialism. Knowing that most cultures in the world foster interdependent self-construals, where the self is connected to others, can the level of familialism in a given culture impact an individual's concept of self? We have learned that different cultures promote an independent self-construal and an interdependent self-construal. What do you think the self-construal of a first-generation immigrant may be like given that they have been immersed in two different cultures? What do cultural differences mean when we speak about the formation and maintenance of self-esteem, and how do social comparison and reflected appraisals play a part in this process? How might multilingualism during adolescence affect one's sense of self? How might this differ from multiculturalism? Based on the principle of diversification and the role of birth order in shaping personality traits, how might these dynamics present in non-traditional family structures, such as blended families or single-child households? Would the typical traits of older and younger siblings still emerge, or would the dynamics change? How could these differences impact sibling relationships and individual personality development? What kind of research could be done to look into these questions further? As we were able to learn in Chapter 3 of the textbook, the self-discrepancy theory proposes that individuals have personal beliefs about not only what they are actually like, but as well as what they should ideally be like, and what they think they ought to be like (Higgins, 1987). According to this theory there are essentially three selves: the actual self, the ideal self, and the ought self. Considering this, how do you think a person would be psychologically affected if there were constant discrepancies between these three selves? The Internet Has access to the internet had an overall positive or negative effect on people's sense of self and self-esteem? How might someone who has never had access to the internet differ in comparison to someone who has never used the internet? Social comparison theory states that people tend to compare themselves to other people when they have no objective standard to compare to. Using social comparison

theory, explain how social media can be harmful to young adults. Are there gender differences in the social comparisons people make using social media? When presenting oneself online, individuals may tend to exaggerate their characteristics; appearance and/or personality traits. This may be because the individual wants to see themselves in a positive light. However, the person on the other side of this interaction may refer to this as “catfishing”. When people participate in “catfishing”, how do self-enhancing and self-evaluative motives play a role? In what ways do individualist and collectivist cultural play a role in the shape and development of the social self and how it's presented on social media? Self-esteem In this chapter, we learned about trait vs state self-esteem. How might these two kinds of self-esteem differently impact an individual's overall self-concept? In chapter 3, the self-discrepancy theory is discussed. How does the self-discrepancy theory explain the relationship between an individual's self-concept and their emotional well-being? Can you give examples to illustrate how discrepancies between the actual self, ideal self, and ought self can lead to different emotional outcomes? In this chapter, we talked about how the way others perceive us is different from the way they see us. How is it possible to differentiate between constructive criticism and hurtful opinions when it comes to internalizing how others feel about us? Self-presentation is the concept of presenting ourselves as the person we want others to think we are. In what situations would people want to present themselves negatively or less than they are? How would these situations relate to the concept of self-handicapping? In the textbook, Gilovich discusses the idea of Situationism and the Working Self-Concept . How do these two ideas work with self-schemas, in the context of being at a job interview versus at a family reunion? Do you believe the individual is aware when the self changes from context to context? How can an individual's sense of self-worth be affected by a difference between how they see themselves and what other people think of them? What steps can be implemented to constructively resolve this conflict?

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