Faction-Remote

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Stony Brook University *

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101

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Political Science

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Oct 30, 2023

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21

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FACTION! A contentious issue from the start…
Review : What is a Faction? • A faction is a group that pursues goals. • Factions are usually smaller parts of larger groups. – Political parties are factions within the U.S. electorate – There are factions within political parties • The Republican Study Committee • The Congressional Black Caucus
Keep this straight! • NOT ALL FACTIONS ARE POLITICAL PARTIES, BUT ALL POLITICAL PARTIES ARE FACTIONS. • Political parties run candidates in elections, but not all factions do. – Parties must take a position on multiple issues! • Some factions just support causes (like gun rights or climate change).
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Do you see the influence of faction & the implication?
Do you see the influence of faction & the implication?
Madison & Factions • Madison thought of factions as selfish and un-virtuous entities. • But he believed they were unavoidable. • To eradicate them would require the gov’t to eliminate freedom of expression & assembly.
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The First Parties • The first parties grew in opposition to each other’s ideas and vision for a future America. • Hamilton was the chief Federalist. • Jefferson was the chief Democrat- Republican.
Let’s Explore the Intricacies of the Hamilton Financial Plan!
The Setting – Federal government assumes responsibility for state debts. (called debt assumption) – America owed $54 million dollars to U.S. bondholders and foreign nations – states owed $25 million of that amount. – The idea was to have citizens and foreign nations have a vested interest in the survival and prosperity of the United States. – Hamilton, thus, wanted to service the debt without entirely paying it off.
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Components of the Plan, est. 1791 – A tariff is placed on imports: (raises revenue and—to a lesser degree—protects U.S. industries from foreign competition) – An excise tax is placed on whiskey – A Bank of the United States (B.U.S.) is created with a 20-year charter to exist • Congress authorizes its creation by using the elastic clause
Operations of the Plan • The Bank pooled government revenue (from tariffs, the whiskey tax, and land sales in the West) with the deposits of citizens . • The mission of the Bank was to – Loan money to Manufacturers so that the Industrial base of the economy would grow. – Fund the development of national projects and internal improvements : roads, bridges, canals
Major points of controversy • The BUS president did not answer to ANY government official, including the president . – He was hired and fired by the BUS’s board of supervisors. – He could invest government money as he saw fit without any input from the government. • The BUS was openly elitist : it primarily loaned money to established businessmen, many of whom knew BUS officials personally
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The opposition/ Jeffersonian Vision • Jefferson knew that industrialization was unavoidable. • He simply wanted to delay its development. • He wanted the U.S. to house independent, small farmers for as long as possible. • He thought scientific agriculture encouraged self-reliance, thoughtfulness, and hard work.
Differing Political Visions: the place of the people is primary-1 Federalists • Hamilton & Adams wanted to create a commercial republic in which the gov’t focused on providing economic opportunity and social mobility . • They wanted people to vote their representatives into office and then let leaders make important decisions for them.
Differing Political Visions: the place of the people is primary-2 Republicans • Jefferson & Madison wanted the U.S. to be more than a commercial republic. • They wanted the people to play a central role in government affairs by embracing civic activism via – Electing proper leaders – Running for office themselves – Holding their leaders accountable by staying informed
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Partisan Points of Conflict! • Republicans came to believe the Federalists were un-American counter-revolutionaries. • To TJ & JM, Federalists were too focused on following the British model of development. – Federalists downplayed civic activism. – Federalists wanted a powerful central government with a strong executive (president). – Hamilton’s bank was elitist & created via an unconstitutional use of gov’t power.
Factions & Trans- Atlantic Comparisons-1 Federalists on Republicans • To Federalists, Republicans were deluded, naïve radicals with a “womanish attachment to France” and French ideas. • Jefferson = “a howling Jacobin”
Factions & Trans- Atlantic Comparisons-2 Republicans on Federalists • To Republicans, Federalists were corrupt, cynical elitists with a deranged attachment to British ideals. • Hamilton = “a monarchist bottomed in corruption”
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Parting Question • Is the party system in America working or have we become overly divided and uncompromising?
Do we value political compromise?
Guess who controls the Senate?
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