Plain and Honest Men 2023(1)

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CONSTITUTIONAL CONVENTION \n'\s\ A\ J ( ¢ e h i | o %Y:{s -'“';-'.'x‘,t o 0 *,g a2 L Lla.‘:v‘ i e iy - Ik -] | g T I _— >

THE VIRGINIA PLAN - National judiciary: jurisdiction over collection of national revenue, impeachment, “questions which involve the national peace and harmony.”’ - Legislature; to all cases in which States are incompetent, any cases where “harmony of US” may be interrupted by the exercise of individual legislation; to negative all State laws, contravening the articles of union

FORMS OF GOVERNMENT . Central government is to legislate on all matters in which states are incompetent (trade, war, embassies) but could it veto state legislation that was in the view of Congress contrary to the interests of the nation as a whole . How many house of Congress and how were they to be elected - Separation of powers was crucial based on colonial experience—got rid of a King and a subservient Parliament. Don't want them to come back.

THE GREAT COMPROMISE - Large states: representation is based on population - Small states: representation to be allocated with each state having equal representation, irrespective of size.

THE PREAMBLE AND HOW THE CONSERVATIVES WIN - o James Wilson: “ It has been said that Congress is a representation of states not of Individuals. | say that the objects of its care are all the individuals of the states . . . . As to those matters which are referred to Congress, we are not so many states, we are one large state:.

OVERVIEW . Enumerated powers to each branch but other phrases suggest other powers—necessary and proper clause, inherent power of the President in foreign affairs? . Enumerated powers of Congress and consequences for continued exercise of powers of the states—what is interstate commerce and what powers does (a) Congress and (b) states have over its regulation?

POSTPONED THE INEVITABLE AND ENHANCED THE POWER OF THE SLAVE STATES - By counting slaves slave states were permitted to increase number of members of members of the House but avoided the taxation of their exports which was main source of wealth

JEFFERSON ON THE MISSOURI QUESTION -+ byt this momentous question, like a fire vell in the night, awakened and filled me with terror. | considered it at once as the knell of the Union. it is hushed indeed for the moment. but this is a reprieve only, not a final sentence." - — Thomas Jefferson to John Holmes (discussing the Missouri question)

JEFFERSON ON SLAVERY - = God who gave us life gave us liberty. Can the [iberties of a nation be secure when we have removed a conviction that these liberties are the gift of God? Indeed | tremble for my country when | reflect that God is just, that his justice cannot sleep forever. Commerce between master and slave is despotism. Nothing (s more certainly written in the book of fate than that these people are to be free.

THE RATIFICATION BATTLE — THE RADICALS RETURN - Aristocracy has recaptured the government and restored what was wrong with the British colonial system . Standing army is permitted - Senate (s not representative - House s not either . States are obliterated —imperium in imperil - No bill of rights

THE ADOPTION OF THE BILL OF RIGHTS ( ongn S o s ( auted Sates T g ' (arw. oy ,'A"’/' Gord mp Bmcasus W S onirty’ ond ~gtn ww v . “— . P e - - —_— et A e, -— — oy b — i g 5 W B i —r i - Lt -~ p A .o St 5 S ’ - P .- - - : -~ — it -~ . " - -_— - -~ -t ——— tm e — o — -— — ——— s e s - - b g - How Madison solves the problem . The Federalist papers and their significance.